Observation of a gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect

Gravitational interference The Aharonov-Bohm effect is a quantum mechanical effect in which a magnetic field affects the phase of an electron wave as it propagates along a wire. Atom interferometry exploits the wave characteristic of atoms to measure tiny differences in phase as they take different paths through the arms of an interferometer. Overstreet et al . split a cloud of cold rubidium atoms into two atomic wave packets about 25 centimeters apart and subjected one of the wave packets to gravitational interaction with a large mass (see the Perspective by Roura). The authors state that the observed phase shift is consistent with a gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect. —ISO

Non-zero Yarkovsky acceleration for near-Earth asteroid (99942) Apophis

The leading source of uncertainty to predict the orbital motion of asteroid (99942) Apophis is a non-gravitational acceleration arising from the anisotropic thermal re-emission of absorbed radiation, known as the Yarkovsky effect. Previous attempts to obtain this parameter from astrometry for this object have only yielded marginally small values, without ruling out a pure gravitational interaction. Here we present an independent estimation of the Yarkovsky effect based on optical and radar astrometry which includes observations obtained during 2021. Our numerical approach exploits automatic differentiation techniques. We find a non-zero Yarkovsky parameter, A2 = (−2.899 ± 0.025) × 10−14 au d−2, with induced semi-major axis drift of (−199.0 ± 1.5) m yr−1 for Apophis. Our results provide definite collision probability predictions for the close approaches in 2029, 2036, and 2068.

Determination of dependence of gravitational interaction force of bodies on their velocity

This article presents the results of testing the hypothesis of the dependence of gravity on the velocity of motion of bodies. The numerical simulation clearly confirmed the correspondence of the calculated and observed values of the precession of orbit pericentres in binary systems including pulsars, as well as planets of the solar system. Based on the revealed dependence of the gravitational force on the velocity, the article describes a new effect of the precession of the centres of binary systems, which should be found as a result of further practical research.

An alternative model of gravitational forces in nature using the combined effects of repulsion and attraction forces on gaseous molecules

Laboratory experiments and natural phenomena investigations in this research series experimentally revealed the existence of gravitational repulsion force dependent on thermal energy content, pervading our surroundings both microscopically and macroscopically. This paper presents an alternative mathematical model of both gravitational repulsion and attraction forces between two gaseous molecules, validated by experimental data. The model is self-standing and independent of existing models built on idealistic assumptions. While existing models considered gravitational interaction as a single force, the presented experimental model considers it the resultant of two distinct forces: gravitational repulsion and attraction. When established experimental data on nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were applied, the model performed, both analytically and experimentally: (1) confirming the existence of both gravitational repulsion and attraction forces among gas molecules, (2) demonstrating that the two forces follow Inverse-Cube relationship with the distance between molecules, (3) revealing that repulsion force is linearly proportional to the absolute temperature, thus filling the critical gap between energy and fundamental forces. Orders of magnitude of gravitational repulsion and attraction forces are very large compared to the gravitational force between gas molecules calculated according to the classical theory, enabling manipulation to achieve hitherto unknown outcomes and developments.

Traversable wormhole solutions with non-exotic fluid in framework of f(Q) gravity

The presence of exotic matter for the existence of the wormhole geometry has been an unavoidable problem in GR. In recent studies, researchers have tried to deal with this issue using modified gravity theories where the WH geometry is explained by the extra curvature terms and NEC’s are not violated signifying the standard matter in the WH geometry. In this paper, we investigate the solutions of traversable wormholes with normal matter in the throat within the framework of symmetric teleparallel gravity [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the non-metricity scalar that defines the gravitational interaction. We analyze the wormhole geometries for three forms of function [Formula: see text]. First is the linear form [Formula: see text], second a nonlinear form [Formula: see text] and third one a more general quadratic form [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] being the constants. For all the three cases, the shape function is taken as [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the throat radius. A special variable redshift function is considered for the discussion. All the energy conditions are then examined for the existence and stability of the wormhole geometry.

OBTAINING NEUTRON MATTER AND HYPERHEAVY NUCLEI: POSSIBLE QUANTUM-TECHNOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTAL APPROACHES

Possible mechanisms of creation of both hyperheavy nuclei by electron-nuclear collapse and neutron matter by condensation of ultracold neutrons are discussed. The fundamental possibility of the existence of such objects was previously substantiated by A.B.Migdal, who suggested that the known set of proton-neutron nuclei with mass numbers from 0 to 300 and a maximum specific binding energy of about 8 MeV / nucleon at A≈60 corresponds to the first region, beyond which (starting from about the charge Z≈ ( hc/e2 )3/2 ≈1600 ) there is an additional region describing a possible state of nuclear matter, stabilized by a pion condensate. In this region, the maximum specific energy corresponds to ≈15 MeV / nucleon at A ≈ 100000. It is shown that neutron matter can be obtained under certain conditions, and its systematization can be realized as an addition to the Periodic Table. When solving such problems, it becomes quite real to study not only physical, but also chemical, and possibly engineering and technical properties. Analysis shows that the stability of neutron matter at the microlevel is ensured by the Tamm interaction and the Hund beta equilibrium. Such matter can be quite stable not only on the mega-level (neutron stars) due to gravitational interaction, as was a priori assumed earlier, but also on the scale of "ordinary" matter. The process of neutronization is possible not only with critical gravitational interaction, but also by other mechanisms (supercritical increase in the atomic number of elements due to electron-nuclear collapse and condensation of ultracold neutrons), which opens the way to the fundamental possibility of obtaining both neutron matter in laboratory conditions and superheavy nuclei. Based on the works of Migdal, Tamm and Hund, the possibility of the existence of stable neutron matter (with Z >> 175, N >> Z, A> 10 3 -10 5 and a size of 200-300 femtometers and more) is argued at the microlevel, and not only at the mega-level, as is now considered in astrophysics. A critical analysis of the well-established concept of the minimum possible mass of neutron stars is carried out. The following quantum technological approaches to the realization of UCN condensation are proposed: 1. Slow isothermal compression; 2. Refrigerator for dissolving helium-3 and helium-4; 3. Use of a conical concentrator for UCN focusing (Vysotskii cone); 4. Magnetic trap; 5. Additional UCN laser cooling. Neutron matter is considered as a potential cosmological candidate for dark matter. One should take into account the possibility of the formation of fragments of neutron matter as dark matter (neutral, femto-, pico- and nanoscale, the cooling of relics makes it difficult to detect them by now) already at the initial origin of the Universe, which is the dominant process. The observable part of the Universe is formed by the residual part of protons, and then by decayed single neutrons and unstable fragments of neutron matter (with Z> 175, N >> Z, but A <10 3 -10 5 ).

Model of Angular Momentum Transport at the Protoplane-tary Disk Evolution and Disk Surface Density

We consider how the tidal effect of a protoplanetary disk interaction can be incorporated into calculations of its viscous evolution. The evolution of the disk occurs under the action of both internal viscous torques and external torques resulting from the presence of one or more embedded planets. The planets migrate under the effect of their tidal interaction with the disk (in the type-II migration regime). Torques on a planet are caused by its gravitational interaction with the density waves which occupy the Lindblad resonances in the disk. Our model simplifies the functional form of the rate of injection of the angular momentum Λ(r) to construct and solve the evolution equation for a disk and an embedded protoplanet. The functional Λ(r) depends on the tidal dissipation distribution in the disk which is concentrated in a vicinity of the protoplanet’s orbit. We have found an analytic solution for the disk surface density.

TOI-2109: An Ultrahot Gas Giant on a 16 hr Orbit

We report the discovery of an ultrahot Jupiter with an extremely short orbital period of 0.67247414 ± 0.00000028 days (∼16 hr). The 1.347 ± 0.047 R Jup planet, initially identified by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission, orbits TOI-2109 (TIC 392476080)—a T eff ∼ 6500 K F-type star with a mass of 1.447 ± 0.077 M ☉, a radius of 1.698 ± 0.060 R ☉, and a rotational velocity of v sin i * = 81.9 ± 1.7 km s−1. The planetary nature of TOI-2109b was confirmed through radial-velocity measurements, which yielded a planet mass of 5.02 ± 0.75 M Jup. Analysis of the Doppler shadow in spectroscopic transit observations indicates a well-aligned system, with a sky-projected obliquity of λ = 1.°7 ± 1.°7. From the TESS full-orbit light curve, we measured a secondary eclipse depth of 731 ± 46 ppm, as well as phase-curve variations from the planet’s longitudinal brightness modulation and ellipsoidal distortion of the host star. Combining the TESS-band occultation measurement with a K s -band secondary eclipse depth (2012 ± 80 ppm) derived from ground-based observations, we find that the dayside emission of TOI-2109b is consistent with a brightness temperature of 3631 ± 69 K, making it the second hottest exoplanet hitherto discovered. By virtue of its extreme irradiation and strong planet–star gravitational interaction, TOI-2109b is an exceptionally promising target for intensive follow-up studies using current and near-future telescope facilities to probe for orbital decay, detect tidally driven atmospheric escape, and assess the impacts of H2 dissociation and recombination on the global heat transport.

КОМПОНЕНТ ТЕМНОЇ МАТЕРІЇ

A possible component of dark matter is considered. Astronomer began to talk about this matter for a long time, when the speed of movement of galaxies in the clusters was coordinated with classical mechanics. Subsequently, the idea of dark matter became used in the dynamics of stars and lineling phenomena. The observational data of astronomy and astrophysics indicate another path, which leads to the idea of the existence of dark matter, if these data are considered through the prism of the main principles and laws of natural science. On this path, the component of dark matter (DM) appears as an environment in the universe necessary to ensure the life of galaxies. The origin of the dark matter and the functions performed by it are binding to star electromagnetic radiation (SER). Features of the interaction of a two-component system - DM and SER - the basis of all further conclusions. First of all, the outer space is considered filled with subtle forms of matter. It is assumed that DM belongs to them. The presence of two giant material objects distributed over the entire space of the Universe, DM and SER - means their interaction among themselves. First, it follows from dialectic, arguing about the relationship of phenomena in nature. Secondly, from the interpretation of the results of measurements of cosmic microwave radiation obtained by the Arcade system (NASA, 2006). A two-component environment - DM and SER - contains all the baryon matter of the universe, ranging from elementary particles and ending with galactic clusters. Support for "life" of baryon matter is carried out through a number of functions performed by this medium. It is assumed that the star radiation, spreading the space, gives its energy to the dark component. The photons shifted into the microwave region are capable of pairing unaging among themselves in counter courses and small sighting distances. Appearing bosons particles correlate with dark matter. These particles have zero spin or two. Their spectrum of mass turns out to be continuous, the maximum mass of the particle is given. The assumption of energy transmission by a quantum dissemination environment and the microwave hypothesis is consistently explained by many observation results. First of all, it is a red shift in galaxies spectra and the presence of a large cosmic microwave background with its intensity variations at relatively small time intervals. DM particles due to the gravitational interaction return the energy back to its baryonic sources. At the same time, the dark component additionally fills the central supermassive object of the galaxy, which in the quasar phase conducts utilization of star waste with hydrogen regeneration. It is DM that provides large energies allocated by quasars. Given the small part of the star matter, turning into the SER, it is shown that the particles of DM are a medium with a relatively low temperature. It is concluded that DM and SER are a comprehensive dynamic environment in which the baryon matter of the universe lives and develops. Through this two-component "ocean" of matter, all major metabolic processes supporting the "life" of galaxies are carried out.

Competing processes in generation of the third optical harmonic in air under femtosecond infrared repetitively pulsed excitation

Parametric interaction of electromagnetic and gravitational waves with the radiation generation at the third harmonic wavelength is one of the ways to detect gravitational interaction in a material medium. To implement the effect in question, superstrong fields must be used, but in this case competing nonlinear processes arise, leading to the generation of the third harmonic as a result of laser radiation filamentation. This paper investigates the characteristics of the radiation recorded for femtosecond (250 fs) laser pulses with a wavelength of λ = 1032 nm focused in air. The threshold pump power made it possible to observe the formation of a filament with concomitant generation of narrow-band radiation at the focus of the lens at the third harmonic wavelength λ = 344 nm. The research presents spectral and spatial dependences of ultraviolet radiation (λ = 344 nm) at pumping power of infrared radiation (λ = 1032 nm) of 500 mW. Energy dependences of the third harmonic generation efficiency in the power range from 150 to 1750 mW are obtained.