FACTORS OF HOPE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY IMPROVING IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC

The article discusses the state and prospects for the hop growing development in Russia and Chuvashia. It describes the results of studies on the effectiveness of intensification of hops production. It has been established, that the main internal reserve for increasing the hop-growing efficiency, is currently the transition to a resource-saving, low-cost technology of hop cultivation. Resource-saving technology of hops cultivation with the use of a complex of machines makes it possible to reduce labor costs from 500-600 to 180 people-days per 1 hectare, contributes to an increase in the yield of cones by 30-40% and quality by 15-20%.

Dignity Rather than Rights

This chapter argues that the yoking together of ‘dignity’ and ‘rights’ is unstable, reflecting the ongoing incompatibility of respectively the liberal and the Catholic traditions of human rights. Both traditions adopt an ‘internal’ and ‘external’ understanding of dignity. The liberal tradition aporetically focuses on subjective right and on circumstances of convenience or pleasure. The Catholic tradition reconciled the ancient but uneasy melding of ‘dignity’ as ‘internal’ reserve and as ‘external’ work or social exchange through reference to persona—the adoption of a role in relationship to God. This discourse of ‘dignity’ is perpetuated in Catholic social teaching. The chapter finally suggests the Catholic tradition must continue, through its blend of corporatism and personalism, to emphasize both hierarchy and social role, contrary to the liberal tradition, as central to the dignity of persons.