Eurolinguistischer Blick auf Willy Brandt – Frieden fördern durch Überwindung rhetorischer Grenzen

Eurolinguistyczne spojrzenie na Willy’ego Brandta – promowanie pokoju przez przezwyciężanie retorycznych granic Lata 1969-1971 są ważne w kontekście zakończenia „zimnej wojny”: wyznaczają początek i pierwsze sukcesy nowej polityki zagranicznej Willy’ego Brandta. Na podstawie deklaracji rządowych, tekstów umów, protokołów rozmów i wystąpień telewizyjnych w artykule pokazano, że jedną z „cegiełek” do sukcesu Brandta stanowi przezwyciężenie dotychczasowych granic retorycznych. Jego retoryka wyróżnia się: (1) szybkim wcielaniem słów w czyny, (2) świadomością specyficznych dla kultury słów-symboli, (3) tworzeniem nowych słów-symboli o pozytywnym wartościowaniu, (4) wariacją słów w zależności od adresata, (5) (dobrą) komunikacją z osobami sprawującymi władzę. 1969-1971 sind wichtige Jahre in der Beendigung des Kalten Krieges: Beginn und erste Früchte der neuen Auslandspolitik Willy Brandts. Anhand von Regierungserklärungen, Vertragstexten, Gesprächsprotokollen und Fernsehansprachen wird exemplarisch gezeigt, dass ein Baustein für den Erfolg Brandts in der Überwindung bisheriger rhetorischer Grenzen liegt. Seine Rhetorik zeichnet sich aus durch: (1) zeitnahes Umsetzen von Worten in Taten, (2) Bewusstsein um kulturspezifische Symbolwörter, (3) Schaffen neuer positiver Symbolwörter, (4) adressatenbewusste Wort-Variation, (5) (gute) Kommunikation zu Machtinhabern.

The Domestic Sources of Détente: State–Society Relations and Foreign Policy Change during the Cold War

Research on foreign policy change claims leaders seek to restructure their country's foreign relations when internal and external opportunity structures are permissive. However, a number of prominent efforts at achieving change have occurred during times of considerable domestic upheaval and rigid international constraints. To understand why, this article examines three well-known cases of Cold War foreign policy change, focusing on the external relations of Charles de Gaulle in France, John G. Diefenbaker in Canada, and Willy Brandt in West Germany. These cases suggest that domestic upheaval and foreign policy change were inextricably interwoven and that efforts to effect strategic change on a grand scale were motivated by a desire to respond to the demands of marginalized domestic constituencies without incurring the costs of domestic reform. Our analysis suggests key moments of international change are best understood as domestic incorporation strategies rather than instances of significant and principled foreign policy change.

Das grüne Jahrzehnt

At the beginning of the 1970s, Wolfgang Harich increasingly turned towards ecological considerations. In 1975, his book, “Kommunismus ohne Wachstum” (‘Communism without Growth’), was published - the first work by a Marxist that faced the ecological challenges of modernity. It is printed in this volume. It is complemented by numerous letters and other documents that Harich wrote during his stays in Austria, Spain and the FRG in 1979–1981: To Helmut Schmidt, Willy Brandt and Erhard Eppler as well as to important German Greens of the time, like Petra Kelly or Herbert Gruhl. In the years of the Peaceful Revolution, Harich returned to the subject. In conclusion, letters and texts on ecology from the years after 1988 are presented.

Role of «Zvezda» Project in Germany’s Unification Process

The article is devoted to «Zvezda» project – an unique political and economic think tank, which combined in 1974–1984 the best representatives of academic institutions of socialist countries. The author analyses its impact on creation a basis for the acceptance by Soviet government the idea of the necessary unification of Germany, studies the attempt to initiate a dialogue about possibility of the unification, starting from the well-known memo of Soviet government from 1952, evaluates initiatives by Willy Brandt regarding decreasing of tensions in relations between two German countries, analyses main stages and key vectors of the project. He comes to conclusion that the initiatives by participants of the project created to some extend the basis for transformation of Soviet external policy and subsequent unification of Germany. The main idea of the article is to uncover the content of «Zvezda» project and its impact on transformation of Soviet external policy, which almost has not been studied by present time yet.