Consideration of Standards and Recommendations for Selection, Installation and Maintenance of Substation Transformers_Final Draft_021120.docx

This paper will discuss the key applicable North American Standards defining performance, testing, installation and routine field maintenance of liquid-immersed distribution substation transformers. These transformers, typically applied in commercial and industrial power systems, can be installed either in outdoor or indoor locations, applied as remote or close-coupled to either primary or secondary switchgear, or both. Recommendations based on these standards for selection, installation and factory/field testing industry users should specify to maximize reliability, operational efficiency and safety will follow.

Consideration of Standards and Recommendations for Selection, Installation and Maintenance of Substation Transformers_Final Draft_021120.docx

This paper will discuss the key applicable North American Standards defining performance, testing, installation and routine field maintenance of liquid-immersed distribution substation transformers. These transformers, typically applied in commercial and industrial power systems, can be installed either in outdoor or indoor locations, applied as remote or close-coupled to either primary or secondary switchgear, or both. Recommendations based on these standards for selection, installation and factory/field testing industry users should specify to maximize reliability, operational efficiency and safety will follow.

An Overview to Thermal Solar Systems for Low Temperature

This chapter deals with those prefabricated systems with a steady state of operation (state in which the temporal variation of the thermodynamic properties is null), describing, in a brief manner, a methodology for testing the characterization of the thermal performance in accordance with the European normative. All of the previously mentioned form the justification for a foundation or base from which a testing installation is proposed in a later chapter that, at the same time, is compared to a real installation. Lastly, this chapter attempts to outline a simple mathematical methodology to analyze the future behavior of the reliability of a system (solar in this case), when it is still in an extremely early stage of its life cycle, such as the design phase.

The Analysis of Metallic Materials Subjected to Cycles of Thermal and Mechanical Fatigue

The paper present theoretical and practical aspects concerning to the phenomena of thermal / mechanical fatigue specific to metallic materials, which are found in the structure of industrial parts, subjected to thermal and mechanical requests, also in combination with the corrosion phenomenon, pressure different etc. The analyzed alloys subjected to thermal and mechanical fatigue requests, on a prototype testing installation, using samples from Cu-Zn-Al alloys, which have been processed at standard dimensions by machining. Function of chemical composition of alloy, after a variable number of cycles it was found the micro-cracks appearance that generates crack and finally the break of samples. The SEM realized at different magnifications, highlight the character of samples break.

An Overview to Thermal Solar Systems for Low Temperature

This chapter deals with those prefabricated systems with a steady state of operation (state in which the temporal variation of the thermodynamic properties is null), describing, in a brief manner, a methodology for testing the characterization of the thermal performance in accordance with the European normative. All of the previously mentioned form the justification for a foundation or base from which a testing installation is proposed in a later chapter that, at the same time, is compared to a real installation. Lastly, this chapter attempts to outline a simple mathematical methodology to analyze the future behavior of the reliability of a system (solar in this case), when it is still in an extremely early stage of its life cycle, such as the design phase.