An Overview to Thermal Solar Systems for Low Temperature

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Vicente González-Prida ◽  
Anthony Raman
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Testing Installation

This chapter deals with those prefabricated systems with a steady state of operation (state in which the temporal variation of the thermodynamic properties is null), describing, in a brief manner, a methodology for testing the characterization of the thermal performance in accordance with the European normative. All of the previously mentioned form the justification for a foundation or base from which a testing installation is proposed in a later chapter that, at the same time, is compared to a real installation. Lastly, this chapter attempts to outline a simple mathematical methodology to analyze the future behavior of the reliability of a system (solar in this case), when it is still in an extremely early stage of its life cycle, such as the design phase.

An Overview to Thermal Solar Systems for Low Temperature

2015 ◽  
pp. 54-90
Author(s):  
Vicente González-Prida ◽  
Anthony Raman
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Testing Installation

This chapter deals with those prefabricated systems with a steady state of operation (state in which the temporal variation of the thermodynamic properties is null), describing, in a brief manner, a methodology for testing the characterization of the thermal performance in accordance with the European normative. All of the previously mentioned form the justification for a foundation or base from which a testing installation is proposed in a later chapter that, at the same time, is compared to a real installation. Lastly, this chapter attempts to outline a simple mathematical methodology to analyze the future behavior of the reliability of a system (solar in this case), when it is still in an extremely early stage of its life cycle, such as the design phase.

Simulation-Supported Early Stage Design Optimisation for a Case Study of Life Cycle Oriented Buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sören Eikemeier ◽  
Ardeshir Mahdavi ◽  
Robert Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Design Optimisation ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Early Stage Design

To reduce the energy and resource consumption in the building sector this study is focusing on a design optimisation of life cycle oriented buildings. In order to optimise the performance of the buildings and in consequence also to achieve improved results for the mandatory Austrian energy certificate a simulation-based rapid design approach is used for the early stage design phase of the buildings, in particular for the architectural design of the buildings.Methods like the Window to Wall Ratio, at the very beginning of the design process, a parametric simulation with EnergyPlus or a more detailed optimisation approach with GenOpt are integrated in this study applied to example buildings. The results are showing that the method can be used in a circular approach for improving the heating demand of the Austrian energy certificate for this case study by more than 25 % compared to the preliminary design

Development of a robust luciferase reporter 1b/2a hepatitis C virus (HCV) for characterization of early stage HCV life cycle inhibitors

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Chan ◽  
Margaret Robinson ◽  
Huiling Yang ◽  
Sophia Cornew ◽  
William E. Delaney IV
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Luciferase Reporter

scholarly journals A review of working fluid mixtures for low temperature power cycles and their thermodynamic modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Carlos Javier Noriega-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Thermodynamic Modeling ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Fluid Mixtures

This paper summarizes a bibliographic review of the main articles published in recent years in the power cycles area, with special emphasis on working fluid mixtures. Likewise, the most relevant theoretical fundaments for performing the mathematical modeling of this class of working fluids and, therefore, obtaining their thermodynamic properties, as well as the experimental methods used in the characterization of the phase equilibrium that allow obtaining the adjustment parameters are covered in this article.

Growth and Characterization of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 Crystals by a Single-Step Low-Temperature Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 2059-2062
Author(s):  
Xiu Li Chen ◽  
Hui Qing Fan
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Pyrochlore Phase ◽  
Relaxor Ferroelectric ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Low Temperature Process

Relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) crystals were grown at low temperature by a single-step hydrothermal process, using the mixture of PbO, MgO and Nb2O5 as precursors. The precursors were just heated to 150 oC for 24 h. The effect of the KOH concentration on the morphology and microstructure of PMN crystals was systematically investigated. The optimum KOH concentration was found to be 11M, which led to the stabilization of the perovskite crystals against the pyrochlore phase, and to the growth of high-quality PMN crystals suitable for subsequent characterization. According to morphological evolution during the reaction, two possible growth mechanisms are proposed. When the KOH concentration is 11M, at the early stage of the reaction, the starting materials dissolve, and then promote the formation of spherical intermediate pyrochlore phase followed by the formation of primary cubic PMN crystals. At the same time, a platelet-shaped intermediate pyrochlore phase also forms and then grows into larger platelet-shaped PMN crystals.

Characterization of Low Temperature SiNx Films for 3D/2.5D-IC TSV

2015 ◽  
Vol 135 (7) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Kobayashi ◽  
Yoshihiro Nakata ◽  
Tomoji Nakamura ◽  
Mayumi B. Takeyama ◽  
Masaru Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature

An Investigation of the Effect of interrupted fin arrangements on the Thermal Performance of a Heat Sink under a Free Convection Condition

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Abbas Jassem Jubear ◽  
Ali Hameed Abd
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Natural Convection ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Fluent Software ◽  
Steady State Heat ◽  
Steady State Heat Transfer

The heat sink with vertically rectangular interrupted fins was investigated numerically in a natural convection field, with steady-state heat transfer. A numerical study has been conducted using ANSYS Fluent software (R16.1) in order to develop a 3-D numerical model.  The dimensions of the fins are (305 mm length, 100 mm width, 17 mm height, and 9.5 mm space between fins. The number of fins used on the surface is eight. In this study, the heat input was used as follows: 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 watts. This study focused on interrupted rectangular fins with a different arrangement and angle of the fins. Results show that the addition of interruption in fins in various arrangements will improve the thermal performance of the heat sink, and through the results, a better interruption rate as an equation can be obtained.

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