De las Building Societies al Crédito Recíproco: una aproximación al ahorro y préstamo para viviendas en Argentina, 1935-1949

Este artículo se enmarca dentro de una investigación que estudia la evolución del mercado de crédito para viviendas en Argentina entre 1930 y 1955. En particular se ocupa de analizar el funcionamiento de las sociedades de Crédito Recíproco debido a su significativa gravitación en el mercado. A través de una mirada de largo plazo, el análisis reconstruye la influencia del modelo de las Building Societies anglosajonas tanto sobre el segmento de ahorro y préstamo para viviendas en Argentina durante la primera mitad de siglo como particularmente sobre las sociedades de Crédito Recíproco para caracterizar y problematizar la dinámica del sector. This article is part of an investigation that studies the evolution of the credit market for house in Argentina between 1930 and 1955. In particular, it deals with analyzing the functioning of operation of reciprocal credit companies due to its significant influnce on the market. Through a long-term look, the analysis reconstructs the influence of the model of the Anglo-saxon Bulding Society model both the savings and loans segment for house in Argentina during the first half of the century, particulary on reciprocal credit companies to guarantee and problematize the dynamics of the sector.

Popular Capitalism? Privatization and Demutualization in the 1980s and 1990s

While Margaret Thatcher publicly promoted a Puritan emphasis on thrift, hard work, and asceticism, the outcome of her policies stood in stark contrast to this side of her rhetoric. Her way of selling off nationalized industries allowed the British to have a heavily subsidized flutter on the stock market and increased the shareholder population to ten million investors. Reality, however, was a far cry from Thatcher’s slogan of a ‘share-owning democracy’, not least because the continued growth of large financial institutions meant that small shareholders had very little influence on corporate governance. Millions of people merely ‘stagged’ the privatization issues, meaning that they sold for a quick and easy profit in early trading. ‘Investors’ new and old applied the same short-term logic during the demutualization of major building societies like Halifax or Northern Rock during the 1990s, when ‘carpet-bagging’ became a national sport. Carpetbaggers opened accounts in societies ripe for demutualization not in order to save for a house, but to make a quick profit from selling their accounts once they were converted into shares due to the building society becoming a public company. This chapter places centre stage prominent carpetbaggers such as the former royal butler, Michael Hardern, who during the late 1990s campaigned to become a board member of all remaining building societies. The extent of ‘stagging’ and ‘carpet-bagging’ shows that popular capitalism was less an economic enfranchisement of the nation, and more an expressive culture of self-referential speculation, personal enrichment, and stock market gambling.

10 Company Subject to Another Insolvency Procedure

This chapter sets out who can apply for a winding-up order and when a winding-up order can be made where a company is already subject to an insolvency procedure. This chapter discusses the insolvency procedures under the law of England and Wales, other parts of the United Kingdom and outside the UK. A supervisor of a company voluntary arrangement (CVA) approved under IA 1986, part 1, may petition for the compulsory winding up of the company, and the court may appoint the supervisor to be liquidator of the company. IA 1986, part 1, is applied with modifications to building societies by the Building Societies Act 1986. When a company is in administration, no petition for it to be wound up may be presented without the administrator’s consent or the court’s permission, unless it is presented for the purpose of proceedings under the default rules of a recognized body in a financial market.

2 Presentation of a Winding-up Petition

The chapter discusses the Court orders which have the effect of winding up companies’ but under the Insolvency Act 1986 (IA 1986). An application for an order that a company be wound up by the court under IA 1986 must be made by petition and can refer to only one company. The petition must contain all necessary allegations in a form which is sufficient to enable the court to make the requisite findings and consider the appropriate order. For all the various types of entity which may be wound up by the court under IA 1986, the relevant legislation specifies the circumstances in which that type of entity may be wound up. These are usually called the ‘grounds’ for winding up. For certain types of company, other persons also have standing to petition for winding up. There are separate rules for building societies, incorporated friendly societies and insolvent partnerships.

Model Dwellings for Working People: How British Co-operators Built Houses in the 1860s

The article attempts to analyze the first steps of “co-operative social housing” in Great Britain, the peculiarities of the emergence of the idea and the mechanisms of its implementation during ten years, from 1860 to 1870. On the basis of publications in the newspaper “The Co-operator” (1860—1870), the question of organizing the activities of co-operative building societies and the process of forming ideas about a “healthy house for working people” under the influence of the educational activities of Edward Thomas Craig and Florence Nightingale. Co-operators approached the issue of housing construction in a utilitarian manner, adhered to the latest methods of organizing a healthy house, created their own culture of living in cities, and ennobled the urban space around them.

Armed Robbery (Commercial)

The United Kingdom has seen the rise and subsequent demise of armed robbery by serious and organized criminals. The emergence of armed robbery must be considered within a context of criminal progression forged by the wider political economy and its developments, which shape the opportunities and characteristics of professional criminals. The shift from a cash-based economy towards a credit-constructed economic milieu witnessed the demise of craft crimes such as safe-cracking and the growth of project-based criminality such as armed robbery. The subsequent decline in professional armed robbers attacking banks, post offices, building societies, and cash-in-transit targets can be regarded as the result of control-of-crime strategies and situational crime prevention tactics. There has been increasing use of security measures, including (but not exclusively) within the banking sector, such as in-house closed-circuit television (CCTV), indelible dyes for tainting stolen money, and wider “risk society” measures including, for example, widespread street CCTV, automated number plate recognition, and an increasing shift to credit or debit card transactions. This approach to situational crime control has been successful, leading “elite” professional criminals to seek alternative illicit opportunities and leaving contemporary armed robbers, generally amateurs, deskilled and often desperate individuals.

Shared-knowledge, Transparency, and Accountability: In Enabling State-Society Relations Governance on COVID-19 Resilience Building Societies

This policy brief examines shared-knowledge, transparency and accountability to improve enabling state-society relations on COVID-19 resilient building governance and takes into account the impact on third-country nationals (TCNs) in Austria, Finland, Czechia, and Lithuania. Existing research pointed to state-society relations as decentralised multi-stakeholder governance in public service reform for sustainable resilience building societies. However, the governance faced budgetary constraints and low public sector performance management. Although the relational governance shows certain public authorities have failed and/or ineffective to administer and achieve a range of public policy goals, there is still little policy study research in Nordic, Baltic, Central Eastern European- CEE and Central Western European countries explaining the improvement of state-society relations model on COVID-19 resilient building societies and its impacts to TCNs’ in the selected entities. Based on a qualitative cross-country oriented research approach with fewer country com­parisons, primary data from the authors of this policy paper research, documents, published and unpublished scholarly texts are collected and analyzed with document and content analysis techniques. The findings indicates insufficient shared-knowledge for responsive decision to local concerns, lack of diverse interests groups’ consultations, and quality service delivery often not transparent that infringe the core values of trust, public accountability, mutual responsibilities, and citizens’ participation in effective public service relational governance implementation and impact TCNs and ethnic minorities peoples’ COVID-19 crisis-related resilient in the selected entities. This policy brief recommends shared-knowledge for open access to relevant information, mutual corporate responsibilities between government, public and private organization policy for public interest, diversify migrants communities involvement in policy consultation for open democracy, rebuilding of bureaucrats’ professional capacity to ensure commitment and increase public service staff, and legislation to set specific working ethics and values compatible with public interest that combine honesty, integrity, transparency, accountability, and fair equal treatment of citizens (especially from heterogeneous minorities subgroups) in the formulation, implementation, and delivery of public care to sustain COVID-19 resilient building societies. Not meeting these marginal policy adjustments and recommendations may intensify the reinforcement of public service distrust and corruption, deepen political and /or social inequalities, jeopardize open democracy, and impair sustainable COVID-19 resilient building societies.

Keeping bad company: building societies – a case study

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