К орнитофауне памятника природы «Урочище "Буданова гора"» (Саратовская область, Россия)

Приведены сведения о гнездовой фауне птиц памятника природы регионального значения «Урочище "Буданова гора"» (Саратовская область, Россия). В течение 2011–2021 гг. обследованы два кластерных участка этой охраняемой территории: эрозионный останец с окружающими степными участками и овражно-балочная сеть из пяти оврагов. Выявлены преобладающие виды птиц, обобщены и актуализированы данные о редких видах, в том числе включенных в Красные книги Саратовской области и России: филине (Bubo bubo), сизоворонке (Coracias garrulus), обыкновенной горлице (Streptopelia turtur). Оценены изменения в составе гнездовой орнитофауны за 10 лет, а также проведено сравнение с более ранними данными, опубликованными в литературе. Наибольшее разнообразие птиц характерно для овражно-балочной сети второго кластерного участка, благодаря наличию здесь склерофильных видов, гнездящихся в обрывах: золотистой щурки (Merops apiaster), сизоворонки, каменки-плешанки (Oenanthe pleshanka), удода (Upupa epops).

Autoclaving Nest-Material Remains Influences the Probability of Ectoparasitism of Nestling Hoopoes (Upupa epops)

Nest bacterial environment influences avian reproduction directly because it might include pathogenic- or antibiotic-producing bacteria or indirectly because predators or ectoparasites can use volatile compounds from nest bacterial metabolism to detect nests of their avian hosts. Hoopoes (Upupa epops) do not build nests. They rather reuse holes or nest-boxes that contain remains of nest-materials from previous breeding seasons. Interestingly, it has been recently described that the nest’s bacterial environment partly affects the uropygial gland microbiota of hoopoe females and eggshells. Blood-sucking ectoparasites use chemical cues to find host nests, so we experimentally tested the hypothetical effects of microorganisms inhabiting nest-material remains before reproduction regarding the intensity of ectoparasitism suffered by 8-day-old nestling hoopoes. In accordance with the hypothesis, nestlings hatched in nest-boxes with autoclaved nest-material remains from the previous reproductive seasons suffered less from ectoparasites than those hatched in the control nest-boxes with nonautoclaved nest-material. Moreover, we found a positive association between the bacterial density of nest-material during the nestling phase and ectoparasitism intensity that was only apparent in nest-boxes with autoclaved nest-material. However, contrary to our expectations, nest bacterial load was positively associated with fledgling success. These results suggest a link between the community of microorganisms of nest-material remains and the intensity of ectoparasitism, and, on the other hand, that the nest bacterial environment during reproduction is related to fledging success. Here, we discuss possible mechanisms explaining the experimental and correlative results, including the possibility that the experimental autoclaving of nest material affected the microbiota of females and nestlings’ secretion and/or nest volatiles that attracted ectoparasites, therefore indirectly affecting both the nest bacterial environment at the nestling stage and fledging success.

Comparative Study of the Treatment of Kidney Stone with Upupa Epops, Cissus Adanta Roxb and Cissus Javana DC in the Urinary Medium

Kidney stone is a very common disease suffered by many peoples. It causes health problems such as severe pain, urinary obstruction and infection that adversely affect well being individuals. It may be treated by using allopathic and herbal drugs, lithotripsy, open surgery etc. Medicinal plants are also used for such treatment. These plants are less side effect and more economic. In this article, chemoinhibitory effects of Upupa epops, Cissus adnata Roxb and Cissus javana DC for calcium phosphate (CP) stone and calcium oxalate(CaOX) stone formation in the aqueous and urinary media is studied. Kidney stone is treated with Hoopoe, Cissus adnata Roxb and Cissus javana DC in the urinary medium. The comparative study shows the inhibitory effect of the mixture of Hoopoe and Cissus javana DC for CP and CaOX stones in the aqueous and urinary media is higher and also the digestion or dissolution of kidney stone is higher by this mixture in the urinary medium.