How We Fail to Know: Group-Based Ignorance and Collective Epistemic Obligations

Humans are prone to producing morally suboptimal and even disastrous outcomes out of ignorance. Ignorance is generally thought to excuse agents from wrongdoing, but little attention has been paid to group-based ignorance as the reason for some of our collective failings. I distinguish between different types of first-order and higher order group-based ignorance and examine how these can variously lead to problematic inaction. I will make two suggestions regarding our epistemic obligations vis-a-vis collective (in)action problems: (1) that our epistemic obligations concern not just our own knowledge and beliefs but those of others, too and (2) that our epistemic obligations can be held collectively where the epistemic tasks cannot be performed by individuals acting in isolation, for example, when we are required to produce joint epistemic goods.

Efficient identity based ring signature scheme in prime order group

Aiming at the problem of long signature generation and verification time caused by low operation efficiency in ring signature algorithm based on composite order group, an asymmetric identity based ring signature scheme based on prime order group is proposed. The model definition and specific identity based ring signature scheme design of the proposed scheme are described, and the correctness and security of the proposed scheme are analyzed. Finally, the efficiency of the core operation part of the algorithm is explained. Compared with the correlation signature algorithm based on composite order group, the optimization has a great improvement in operation overhead and performance, and the designed scheme is unforgeable. The designed signature scheme meets the unconditional anonymity and unforgeability of ring signature.

Secure Speaker Recognition using BGN Cryptosystem with Prime Order Bilinear Group

Speech being a unique characteristic of an individual is widely used in speaker verification and speaker identification tasks in applications such as authentication and surveillance respectively. In this paper, framework for secure speaker recognition system using BGN Cryptosystem, where the system is able to perform the necessary operations without being able to observe the speech input provided by the user during speaker recognition process. Secure speaker recognition makes use of Secure Multiparty Computation (SMC) based on the homomorphic properties of cryptosystem. Among the cryptosytem with homomorphic properties BGN is preferable, because it is partially doubly homomorphic, which can perform arbitrary number of addition and only one multiplication. But the main disadvantage of using BGN cryptosystem is its execution time. In proposed system, the execution time is reduced by a factor of 12 by replacing conventional composite order group by prime order group. This leads to an efficient secure speaker recognition.