differential method
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azzan Al-Yaarubi ◽  
Sumaiya Al Bimani ◽  
Sataa Al Rahbi ◽  
Richard Leech ◽  
Dmitrii Smirnov ◽  
...  

Abstract Successful hydraulic fracturing is critical for hydrocarbon recovery from tight reservoirs. Fracture geometry is one essential quality indicator of the created fracture. The geometry provides information about the size of the created fracture and containment and verifies the pre-job modeling. Different techniques are applied to determine fracture geometry, and each has its own advantages and limitations. Due to its simplicity, the radioactive tracer log is commonly used to determine fracture placement and fracture height. Its main drawbacks include shallow depth of investigation, time dependency, and the requirement for multiple interventions for multistage fracturing operations. The crosswell microseismic technique probes a larger volume and it is potentially capable of providing fracture height, length, and orientation. Operational complexity and long processing turnaround time are the main challenges of this technique. Time-lapse shear slowness anisotropy analysis is an effective method to determine hydraulic facture height and orientation. In this technique, the shear slowness anisotropy is recorded before and after the fracture is created. The observed shear anisotropy difference indicates the intervals where the fractures were created, allowing these intervals lengths to be measured. Combining this analysis with gyroscopic data allows determining the fracture orientations. Compared to a tracer log, the differential casedhole sonic anisotropy (DCHSA) has a deeper depth of investigation, and it is time independent. Thus, the repeated log can be acquired at the end of the multistage fracturing operations. Compared to the microseismic technique, this new technique provides more precise fracture height and orientation. The new generation slim dipole sonic technology of 2.125-in. diameter extends the applicability of the DCHSA technique to smaller casing sizes. The shear differential method was applied to a vertical well that targeted the Athel formation in the south of the Sultanate of Oman. This formation is made of silicilyte and is characterized by very low permeability of about 0.01 md on average. Thus, hydraulic fracturing plays a critical role for the economic oil recovery in this reservoir. Aiming to achieve a better zonal contribution, the stimulation design was changed from a limited number of large fractures to an extensive multistage fracturing design in the subject well. Sixteen hydraulic fracturing stages were planned. The DCHSA was applied to provide accurate and efficient fracture geometry evaluation. The DCHSA accurately identified fracture intervals and their corresponding heights and orientations. This enabled effectively determining the created fracture quality and helped explain the responses of the production logs that were recorded during the well test. This study provided a foundation for the placement and completion design of the future wells in the subject reservoir. It particularly revealed adequate fracturing intervals and the optimum number of stages required to achieve optimum reservoir coverage and avoid vertical overlapping.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2 (20)) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jas

The main aim of this study is to consider and present pedagogy students’ attitudes towards the elderly. The results presented herein were collected in a pilot project. The survey was conducted among 66 pedagogy students; a questionnaire and the semantic differential method were used as the research tools. The results revealed positive attitudes among the students towards the elderly. However, a conclusion was drawn that pedagogy students should be allowed to take part in activities involving the elderly. Students’s awareness of their own attitudes might allow them to understand elderly people’s behavior. A proper understanding of the aging process and old age can create a chance for better communication and inter-generational cooperation. It is also an inspiration for understanding their own aging process.


2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
M. G. Gazazyan ◽  
O. S. Khutsishvili ◽  
T. S. Lvanova ◽  
I. S. Lunova

Goal of the research: optimization of the diagnosis of chronic endometritis. Methodology: perspective research. Institution: Department of obstetrics and gynecology of the Kursk medical University. Material of the research: 67 patients suffering benign diseases of endometrium and myometrium connected with it. 59 patients with the diseases of the uterus of the same пaтe without chronic endometritis. Methods of the research: clinico-laboratory, ultrasonography, hysteroscopic, histologic, cytologic, microbiologic examination of the endometrium, PSR, radioimmunological method to determine progesterone rate in the blood plasma. Results of the research: the endoscopice variants of chronic endometritis are extreted: hyperplastic and hypoplastic (and also its forms - focal and diffusive). They are necessary stages achieving reliable diagnosis of the inflammatory process of endometrium a differential method of probing of endometrium depending on a variant and damage rate of chronic endometritis is worked out. Conclusion: the complex method of the diagnosis chronic endometritis including hysteroscopy with visual biopsy and cytologic-histologic examination of endometrium increases the quality of diagnosis by 64,4% in comparison with the traditional curettement of the endometrium and considerably decreases the number of posttraumatic and inflammatory complications.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Samuel Zeising ◽  
Daisuke Anzai ◽  
Angelika Thalmayer ◽  
Georg Fischer ◽  
Jens Kirchner

Abstract. Wireless capsule endoscopy is an established medical application for the examination of the gastrointestinal tract. However, the robust and precise localization of these capsules is still in need of further scientific investigation. This paper presents an innovative differential magnetic localization method for capsule endoscopy to prevent interference caused by the geomagnetic field. The effect of changing the orientation of the capsule on the localization process was also examined. Simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics with the superimposed geomagnetic field were performed. The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm was applied in MATLAB to estimate the position and orientation of the capsule. Comparing the proposed differential method with the absolute magnetic localization method under ideal conditions, the mean position and orientation errors were reduced by three orders in magnitude to less than 0.1 mm and 0.1∘ respectively. Even if sensor non-idealities are considered, the simulation-based results reveal that our proposed method is competitive with state-of-the-art geomagnetic compensation methods for static magnetic localization of capsule endoscopes. The achieved localization accuracy by applying the differential method is not dependent on the rotation of the localization system relative to the geomagnetic flux density under the made assumptions and the impact of the magnet orientation is neglectable. It is concluded that the proposed method is capable of preventing all interference whose components are approximately equal at all sensors with identical orientation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenguang Li ◽  
Dimah Alahmadi ◽  
Mohammed Yousuf Abo Keir

Abstract In order to promote the development of sports training robots and improve the training of lower limbs in Sanda, a new mechanical structure of Sanda training robots is designed. The thesis combines the mathematical method of fractional differential equations to design a new type of omnidirectional moving platform mechanism, which realises the movement in any direction in the plane and can turn at any radius during the movement. From the perspective of kinematics, the mathematical relationship between wheel speed and robot trajectory is analysed, and a virtual prototype technology combined with Pro/E and Adams joint modelling and simulation method is used to establish an accurate and reliable virtual prototype model. The experimental simulation results show that the designed virtual prototype model is consistent with the mathematical model, which verifies the practical feasibility of the mechanical structure of the lower limb power generation robot for Sanda movement, and provides a reliable basis for the establishment of the physical prototype.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youjun Zeng ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Wei Sang ◽  
Weifu Kong ◽  
Junle Qu ◽  
...  

Intensity interrogation surface plasmon resonance (ISPR) sensing has a simple schematic design and is the most widely used surface plasmon resonance technology at present. However, it has relatively low sensitivity, especially for ISPR imaging (ISPRi). In this paper, a new technique for the real-time monitoring of biomolecule binding on sensor surfaces via ISPRi detection is described. The technique is based on the interrogation of the differential value of two intensities at two specific wavelengths from the reflected light spectrum. In addition, we also optimized the selection of dual-wavelength parameters under different circumstances to achieve the highest sensitivity. The new technique achieved a refractive index resolution (RIR) of 2.24 × 10–6 RIU, which is far beyond that of traditional ISPRi technique. Moreover, our new ISPRi technique also realized the real-time detection of high-throughput biomolecular binding. This study is expected to promote the development of faster and more accurate SPRi technologies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-738
Author(s):  
Zh. V. Puzanova ◽  
T. I. Larina ◽  
A. T. Gasparishvili ◽  
K. V. Radkevich ◽  
S. V. Zakharova

The article presents the results of the search for methodological ways to improve the quality of sociological information obtained in the focus group discussion. Today the scientific sphere is changing, and, in addition to the development of new methods, the existing interdisciplinary ones are being adapted to the specific research goals. An important way for improving sociological methods is the study of psychological aspects of respondents behavior during focus groups, since unconscious reactions can indicate the potential information bias and affect the quality of the project results. In the RUDN University, a three-stage methodological experiment was conducted based on the psychological technique 7 radicals, the Specific Affect Coding System (SPAFF) and the personal differential method. At the first stage, the experiment aimed at examining the ability of respondents without special knowledge in the field of psycho-typing to identify the dominant radicals. At the second stage, representatives of different psycho-types assessed each other so that the researchers would develop recommendations for the seating of focus group participants. At the third stage, the quality of the data obtained in focus groups was assessed depending on the moderators special skills (knowledge of psycho-types, FACS and SPAFF). Thus, the recommendations for moderators were developed - to increase the efficiency of work with focus group participants and to improve the quality of sociological data. The moderator needs knowledge in three areas: respondents psycho-types, affects in SPAFF, and the proxemic component (seating of respondents). The authors assess the prospects for introducing psychological techniques into the training system for focus group moderators and provide recommendations for moderators based on the results of the multi-stage experiment. Its results partially solve the problem of the quality of the focus group data by explaining the need to teach moderators interdisciplinary techniques (SPAFF and psycho-typing of the focus-group participants).


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ishihara ◽  
K. Suzuki ◽  
J. Heo

It has been shown that with aging, cataracts become cloudy and colour perception and visual acuity deteriorate. As the world's population ages, there is a need for signage that considers older people's visual characteristics. This study aimed to clarify the effects of sign components on visual perception and identify differences in the effects of age. We conducted a psychological evaluation using the semantic differential method on 20 young and 10 elderly. The results showed that the younger participants gave higher ratings to many questions than the older participants. The factor analysis results showed that the items of the questionnaire consisted of a "visibility factor" and "harmony factor". The elderly were more likely to be affected by the viewing distance than the young invisibility.


Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
R. Pramitasari ◽  
C. Ariela ◽  
D.E. Waturangi

Snack bars made from black soybean and black rice could be used as a food product to complement the energy and nutrients needs. Both have anthocyanins content in black soybean and black rice as well as the potential as an antimicrobial agent. The purpose of this study was to obtain an optimal formula, evaluate the sensory acceptance, analyze the total monomeric anthocyanin content of the snack bars, and compare the growth of probiotic and pathogenic bacteria in anthocyanins crude extracts from the snack bars. The production of snack bars was done by using three variations of main ingredients, including 30% of black soybean + 70% of black rice (formula 1), 50% of black soybean + 50% of black rice (formula 2), and 70% of black soybean + 30% of black rice (formula 3). The results performed that consumers acceptance for formulas 2 and 3 was not significantly different (P > 0.05), but significantly higher (P < 0.05) than formula 1. Total monomeric anthocyanin content analyzed by the pH differential method in these three snack bars formulas had no significant difference (P > 0.05). The growth analysis of probiotic and pathogenic bacteria showed that the percentage of growth inhibition of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi bacteria was significantly higher (P = 0.00) compared to Lactobacillus acidophilus. Also, formulas 1 and 2 could significantly inhibit E. coli and S. enterica ser. Typhi bacteria (P = 0.00) compared to formula 3. It could be concluded that formula 2 showed the best snack bar based on sensory evaluation and pathogenic bacteria inhibition assay.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vladimirovna Lavrentieva

The article presents the results of an experimental study of the perception of advertising texts by speakers of Russian of different age groups. The subject of the research is the peculiarities of respondents' perception of advertising texts. The main objective of the study was to identify the emotional and evaluative component in the perception of the proposed advertisement texts by representatives of different age groups, which determined the choice of the research approach to the linguistic material. Three advertising texts from the social network Instagram were taken for the experiment. The study was conducted in the form of a survey on the online platform Google Forms. The survey was conducted in two stages. The first stage was a psycholinguistic experiment using the semantic differential method, and the second stage was a questionnaire survey followed by quantitative and qualitative interpretation of the results. The semantic differential method allowed to reveal the emotional and evaluative component, and the questionnaire method allowed to verify the obtained results. The aim of the article is to present the peculiarities of the perception of advertising texts by representatives of different age groups. The analysis of the experimental materials allowed us to conclude about the difference in the perception of one advertisement by people of different ages, as well as about the effectiveness of the semantic differential method for studying the perception of polycode advertisement texts. The experimental study confirmed the hypothesis that when creating advertising texts it is necessary to take into account the difference in the perception of advertising by people of different ages. Only in this way can an effective advertisement text be created, which will work for the main purpose the sale of a product or service. The hypothesis that the semantic differential method is effective for studying the perception of an advertisement text, including respondents of different age groups, was also confirmed. The results of the experimental study provide an opportunity to expand the understanding of the possibilities and effectiveness of using the semantic differential method in studying the respondents' perception of the advertising text, and can also be applied in the training of advertising professionals.


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