Soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Maupas as a convenient model organism to study anthelmintic activity of plant extracts

The article deals with the study of the possibility to use free-living soil nematode C. elegans in researches of anthelmintic activity of plant raw material. A. sativum juice and aqueous extract of T. vulgare flowers were used in experiments. It is shown that both A. sativum juice and tansy flowers extract caused dose-dependent disturbances of C. elegans swimming motor program. These disturbances are similar with disturbances caused by agonist of cholinoreceptors levamisole. Therefore, the target of A. sativum juice and T. vulgare extract action is C. elegans cholinergic system. The mechanism of toxic action of A. sativum and T. vulgare on C. elegans organism consists in hyperactivation of nicotinic cholinoreceptors. The possibility of quick adaptation of C. elegans nicotinic cholinoreceptors to active components of tansy flowers extract was revealed. Soil nematode C. elegans may be used for investigation of anthelmintic activity of A. sativum and T. vulgare for the purpose of identification of secondary metabolites responsible for the toxic action on helminths.

Reciprocity between muscarinic and nicotinic cholinoreactive structures of liver tissue in conditions, in substrates and in products of free radical oxidation of liver lipids in 5-day period of cooling in rats

The effects of administration of cholinotropic agents (neostigmine, hexamethonium, pilocarpine, atropine, nicotine) on liver tissue after 5-day period of cooling of rats were compared. The analysis of the conditions inducing lipid peroxidation (LPO), the analysis of the substrate components of the LPO in liver, and the evaluation of the LPO products content in 5-day period of cold loads were made. The data obtained indicate on the contradirectory effects when pilocarpine and nicotine were administered to animals, as well as after administration of atropine and hexamethonium to animals. There was the similar effects after administration of both pilocarpine and hexamethonium and both nicotine and atropine in conditions of activated LPO assessed by substrate components of LPO in the liver after 5-day cooling. On the basis of these results, a hypothesis of reciprocity between muscarinic and nicotinic cholinoreceptors located on the plasma membrane of hepatocytes in the LPO processes of the liver during the period of cold loads has been formulated.

Cholinergic mechanisms of regulation of free radical oxidation of the liver lipids in cold adaptation in rats

The effects of administration of cholinotropic agents (neostigmine, hexamethonium, pilocarpine, atropine, nicotine) on liver tissue after the 5 days period of cooling of rats were compared. The analysis of the conditions inducing lipid peroxidation (LPO), the analysis of the substrate components of the LPO in liver, and the evaluation of the LPO products content in the 5 days period of cold loads were made. The data obtained indicate on the contradirectory effects when pilocarpine and nicotine were administered to animals, as well as after administration of atropine and hexamethonium to animals. There was the similar effects after administration of both pilocarpine and hexamethonium and both nicotine and atropine in conditions of activated LPO assessed by substrate components of LPO in the liver after 5 days cooling. On the basis of these results, a hypothesis of reciprocity between muscarinic and nicotinic cholinoreceptors located on the plasma membrane of hepatocytes in the LPO processes of the liver during the period of cold loads has been formulated.