Separation Iron(III)-Manganese(II) via Supported Liquid Membrane Technology in the Treatment of Spent Alkaline Batteries

In this paper, the transport of iron(III) from iron(III)-manganese(II)-hydrochloric acid mixed solutions, coming from the treatment of spent alkaline batteries through a flat-sheet supported liquid membrane, is investigated (the carrier phase being of Cyanex 923 (commercially available phosphine oxide extractant) dissolved in Solvesso 100 (commercially available diluent)). Iron(III) transport is studied as a function of hydrodynamic conditions, the concentration of manganese and HCl in the feed phase, and the carrier concentration in the membrane phase. A transport model is derived that describes the transport mechanism, consisting of diffusion through a feed aqueous diffusion layer, a fast interfacial chemical reaction, and diffusion of the iron(III) species-Cyanex 923 complex across the membrane phase. The membrane diffusional resistance (Δm) and feed diffusional resistance (Δf) are calculated from the model, and their values are 145 s/cm and 361 s/cm, respectively. It is apparent that the transport of iron(III) is mainly controlled by diffusion through the aqueous feed boundary layer, this being the thickness of this layer calculated as 2.9 × 10−3 cm. Since manganese(II) is not transported through the membrane phase, the present system allows the purification of these manganese-bearing solutions.

Teknik Pengisian Ulang Baterai Alkaline Nonrecharable Bekas Untuk Memperpanjang Umur Pemakaian

Alkaline battery is one type of battery that is designed for single use. As a result, there is a lot of waste or alkaline battery waste. To reduce the impact of alkaline battery waste, it is deemed necessary to conserve batteries, namely by extending their service life, thereby delaying the battery to become waste. The easy way is to recharge the battery so that it can be used again. Although alkaline batteries are disposable batteries, from the characteristics of the electrochemical reactions it can be seen that the chemical reactions can be reversed so that there is a possibility that the batteries can be recharged. Some of the limitations in recharging include the condition of the battery, recharging strategy, the limit on the number of charging cycles and the capacity of the battery when it is recharged. This paper discusses the procedure for conserving used alkaline batteries to increase the use time and at the same time reduce the negative impact of battery waste on the environment. The stages of the battery charging experiment are: 1) detecting the quality of used alkaline batteries, 2) determining the proper way of recharging and 3) estimating the number of safe recharge cycles before being recycled. The experimental results show that: 1) the detection of rechargeable batteries can be carried out by the short initial charge method and checking whether there is an increase in battery capacity, 2) the combined method of constant voltage and constant current is the fastest and safest way to recharge alkaline batteries, 3) the average alkaline battery can be recharged up to 8 times.

Separation Fe(III)-Mn(II) via Supported Liquid Membrane Technology in the Treatment of Spent Alkaline Batteries

The transport of iron(III) from Fe(III)-Mn(II)-HCl mixed solutions through a flat-sheet supported liquid membrane is investigated, being the carrier phase of Cyanex 923 (commercially available phosphine oxide extractant) dissolved in Solvesso 100 (commercially available diluent), as a function of hydrodynamic conditions, concentration of manganese and HCl in the feed phase, and carrier concentration in the membrane phase. A transport model is derived that describes the transport mechanism, consisting of diffusion through a feed aqueous diffusion layer, a fast interfacial chemical reaction, and diffusion of the Fe(III)-Cyanex 923 complex across the membrane phase. The membrane diffusional resistance (Δm) and feed diffusional resistance (Δf) are calculated from the model, and their values are 145 s/cm and 361 s/cm, respectively. It is apparent that the transport of iron(III) is mainly controlled by diffusion through the aqueous feed boundary layer, being the thickness of this layer calculated as 2.9x10-3 cm. Since Mn(II) is not transported through the membrane phase, the present system allows to the purification of this manganese-bearing solutions.

Intentional ingestion of batteries and razor blades by a prisoner: a true emergency?

Purpose Few case studies in the literature report on adult patients with intentional foreign body ingestion. Prisoners deliberately ingest foreign bodies, such as cylindrical alkaline batteries and razor blades, to achieve hospitalization or commit suicide. The purpose of this paper is to present a case of deliberate ingestion of batteries and razor blades by an inmate. Design/methodology/approach The authors present a case of an incarcerated man in Greece, who intentionally ingested three cylindrical alkaline batteries and three razor blades wrapped in aluminum foil. Findings The patient was treated conservatively with serial radiographs and was subsequently discharged without complication. This paper discusses the complications and examine the current guidelines available. Originality/value To best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a simultaneous ingestion of batteries and razor blades.