Germination and morphological responses of Triticum aestivum L. to different concentrations of fluoride

A laboratory experiment was conducted on germination papers to study the effect of fluoride (F) at 0 (T1), 50 (T2), 100 (T3), 200 (T4), 250 (T5) and 300 (T6) ppm on germination and morphological parameters in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety, HUW-234 at 2, 4 and 6 days after initiation of germination process. Fluoride toxicity caused reduction in germination per cent, germination index, coefficient of velocity of germination and germination energy (%) while mean germination time increased with fluoride concentration. Root and shoot lengths and dry matters decreased with increased concentrations of fluoride. Ratio of root: shoot weight increased with increased concentration of fluoride. Elongation of seminal roots was adversely affected by increased fluoride level. Increased fluoride level in the germination medium decreased RGR of seedlings progressively. Present study revealed that enhanced fluoride concentration in germination medium caused reduction in germination and germination related parameters.

DETEKSI VARIASI SOMAKLONAL PLANLET Jatropha curcas Linn. HASIL REGENERASI EMBRIO SOMATIK DENGAN MARKA MOLEKULAR ISSR

Physic nut (Jatropha curcas Linn.) has the potential as a source of sustainable biofuels. Somatic embryo proliferation of J. curcas may cause somaclonal variations. This research aimed to investigate somaclonal variations of J. curcas somatic embryo derived-plantlet using ISSR markers. Somatic embryos of J. curcas at the globular phase were cultured on liquid MS medium supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg L-1 of 2,4-D. Parameter observed were embryos weight, embryos volume, colour, and size of embryos. After proliferation, the embryos were cultured on a germination medium until the cotyledonary phase. The results showed that proliferation of J. curcas somatic embryos was optimal, with the highest weight and volume, at MS medium added with 1 mg L-1 2,4-D.

Effects of various carbohydrates on the in vitro pollen germination of Vinca rosea and Cucumis melo var. utilissimus

Pollen germination is crucial for the process of plant development which strongly depends on the presence of carbohydrates as a primary source of energy. In this study, we analyzed the differential effects of four sugars with varying concentrations on the pollen germination of Vinca rosea Linn. and Cucumis melo var. utilissimus Duth. & Fuller. using Brewbaker and Kwack’s medium as germination medium and hanging drop method after an incubation period of 1h. Sucrose and glucose supported the pollen germination but galactose and fructose did not support and even considerably inhibited the pollen germination of Vinca rosea. Whereas in pollen germination of Cucumis melo var. utilissimus, all the four sugars supported the pollen germination. The study suggests that 15% sucrose, for Vinca rosea, and 12% galactose, for Cucumis melo var. utilissimus, supports in achieving the highest pollen germination percentage when added to the pollen germination medium.

Pollen germination of the walnut cultivar ‛Geisenheim 286’ on different culture media

Pollen of the walnut cultivar ?Geisenheim 286(27.8%) when the germination medium contained 0.8% of agar, 15% of sucrose, 600 ppm of ? was cultured on germination media containing all possible combinations of sucrose (10, 15 and 20%); agar (0.6 and 0.8%); boric acid (0, 300 and 600 ppm) and calcium chloride (0, 50 and 100 ppm). A total of 54 different combinations of germination media were tested in an attempt to establish a suitable culture in vitro pollen germinability The interactions of the concentrations of agar and calcium chloride, boric acid and sucrose, calcium chloride and sucrose, as well as those of boric acid, calcium chloride and sucrose were significant. Pollen germination was maximized media for studying of the walnut. Significant differences in pollen germination were observed in response to changing concentrations of sucrose, boric acid and calcium chloride, but germination was not affected by changes in agar concentration. boric acid and 50 ppm of calcium chloride.