Using Formal Grammars as Musical Genome

In this paper, we explore a generative music method that can compose atonal and tonal music in different styles. One of the main differences between regular engineering problems and artistic expressions is that goals and constraints are usually ill-defined in the latter case; in fact the rules here could or should be transgressed more regularly. For this reason, our approach does not use a pre-existing dataset to imitate or extract rules from. Instead, it uses formal grammars as a representation method than can retain just the basic features, common to any form of music (e.g., the appearance of rhythmic patterns, the evolution of tone or dynamics during the composition, etc.). Exploring different musical spaces is the responsibility of a program interface that translates musical specifications into the fitness function of a genetic algorithm. This function guides the evolution of those basic features enabling the emergence of novel content. In this study, we then assess the outcome of a particular music specification (guitar ballad) in a controlled real-world setup. As a result, the generated music can be considered similar to human-composed music from a perceptual perspective. This endorses our approach to tackle arts algorithmically, as it is able to produce novel content that complies with human expectations.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ONTOLOGICAL MODEL OF SYNTACTIC RULES OF SIMPLE SENTENCES OF TURKISH LANGUAGE

This article describes the syntactic rules of sentences in Turkish language and presented its tree components as well by means of formal grammars Chomsky. At the same time, an ontological model of syntactic rules of simple sentences of the Turkish language is constructed, taking into account its semantics. The proposed ontological models use terms from the unified metalanguage UniTurk to denote syntactic categories and concepts. The results of this work can be used to solve NLP tasks, for example, in the systems of knowledge, information retrieval, question and answering systems, in machine translation, automatic summarization of Turkish texts, as well as in the reference and training systems, moreover, in building the ontological model of syntax rules of Turkic languages and is planned to use.

Surface and Curve Languages

In the area of combinatorial studies of string languages under formal grammars, the concept of Generalized Parikh Vector (GPV) gives the positions of symbols in linear strings. It has been proved that GPVs of the strings of the same length lie on a hyper plane. The studies on GPV of strings over a binary alphabet gave rise to the concept of line languages. The concept has been extended to surface languages in this paper.