Genome Attractors as Places of Evolution and Oases of Life

So far, much effort has been made to understand evolution and life phenomena. However, the more we know, the more new puzzles appear. This article introduces some new approaches to understanding what drives evolution. Organism evolution has been examined using artificial neural networks and a semihomologous approach based on the sequences of cytochrome c. To realize this task, three and four-layer neural networks have been designed and then taught. It has been shown that the four-layer neural network more clearly recognizes evolutionary similarities, usually indicating greater (comparing to the three-layer network) similarities to the organisms that were used to train the neural networks. It has been noted that unified cell bioenergetics allows describing the manner in which the main engine that drives evolution works. Reasons for some diseases have been also interpreted to present considerations in a broader and more holistic view. The presented results point out that the evolution of organisms can be considered as a discontinuous process taking place mainly in genome attractors that define and stabilize organisms.

Design and Implementation of a Device for Nanostructuring of Metallic Materials by Multiaxial Forging Method

This paper presents materialization through a device of severe plastic deformation process by multiaxial forging. In essence, by design, the device includes a board reinforced with fretting rings where the severe plastic deformation takes place and an assembly, punch-counterpunch that transmits the force from the source and performs multiaxial forging as a discontinuous process. The device has a high level of universality and has the following advantages: contains an extraction system of deformed blank from the active fretted broad; ensures workpiece centering into place of active plate, contains a system for measuring the strength of forging; can be used on any type of press.