Evaluation of a MOOC developed from educational principles based on behavioral theory

This study’s objective was to evaluate a MOOC constructed from educational principles based on behavioral theory. The evaluation included the analysis of the performance, retention, and perception of the students. This MOOC consisted of an initial test, three teaching units, a final test and an assessment of the students' perception. The mean grade in the initial test was 6.34 (sd=1.20), and in the last attempt of the final test it was 8.75 (sd=0.51). The difference between these values was statistically significant and the effect size was considered very large. The retention rate was 44%, and 75% of students rated the overall experience as “Very Good”. The evaluated MOOC was effective in teaching its learning objectives and student retention was much higher than the average reported in other studies.These results indicate the relevance of the educational principles used in the elaboration of the MOOC.

The Demand for, and Avoidance of, Information

Management scientists recognize that decision making depends on the information people have but lack a unified behavioral theory of the demand for (and avoidance of) information. Drawing on an existing theoretical framework in which utility depends on beliefs and the attention paid to them, we develop and test a theory of the demand for information encompassing instrumental considerations, curiosity, and desire to direct attention to beliefs one feels good about. We decompose an individual’s demand for information into the desire to refine beliefs, holding attention constant, and the desire to focus attention on anticipated beliefs, holding these beliefs constant. Because the utility of resolving uncertainty (i.e., refining beliefs) depends on the attention paid to it and more important or salient questions capture more attention, demand for information depends on the importance and salience of the question(s) it addresses. In addition, because getting new information focuses attention on one’s beliefs and people want to savor good news and ignore bad news, the desire to obtain or avoid information depends on the valence (i.e., goodness or badness) of anticipated beliefs. Five experiments (n = 2,361) test and find support for these hypotheses, looking at neutrally valenced as well as ego-relevant information. People are indeed more inclined to acquire information (a) when it feels more important, even if it cannot aid decision making (Experiments 1A and 2A); (b) when a question is more salient, manipulated through time lag (Experiments 1B and 2B); and (c) when anticipated beliefs have higher valence (Experiment 2C). This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

CONSUMER MOTIVATIONS, ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIORAL INTENTION TOWARD GREEN HOTEL SELECTION

Most prior studies have investigated the relationship between green purchase attitude and behaviorbased on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). However, TPB is a behavioral theory based on acausal process, and thus ignores consumers’ motivational aspects. The purpose of this study is toexamine consumers’ motivational variables, in which monetary, convenience (location), hedonic andvirtual motivation (social media) influence consumers’ intentions to visit green hotels based ongenerational characteristics. A survey questionnaire was developed where a total of 775 questionnaireswere ultimately collected followed by subsequent empirical testing of the postulated hypotheses usingSPSS and Structural Equation Modelling. The results suggest monetary and virtual motivation positivelyinfluence green purchase attitude (GPA) respectively, while convenience negatively influence GPA.GPA displays a positive influence on green purchase intention (GPI) while hedonic motivation plays norole in this study. In addition, statistically significant differences in monetary, convenience, hedonic,virtual motivation and GPI were observed between generations of consumers towards green hotelselection. The theoretical and practical implications of the results were highlighted, including limitationsof the research. Lastly, this study addressed the relationship between motivational traits and behavioralintention in the hospitality and tourism field, and its results will provide useful information for greenhotels’ stakeholders.

KEBIJAKAN PIDANA KEJAKSAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA DALAM PENANGANAN PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DENGAN KERUGIAN KECIL (PATTY CORRUPTION) DENGAN PENDEKATAN KEMANFAATAN

The first discussion is related to the theoretical study of handling criminal cases through the economic approach of law that the Economic Analysis of Law theory or what is referred to as the application of economic theory to legal analysis is a theory that uses economic concepts to explain the effects of the law itself. Several economic concepts used in the study of criminal law policies are: Cost-Benefit Analysis, Behavioral theory, Efficiency-Pareto Optimal. The second discussion is related to the policy of the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Indonesia in handling cases of corruption with small losses (patty corruption) with a benefit approach that the Indonesian Attorney General's Office in carrying out its duties and functions, especially in terms of handling corruption cases, issued several internal regulations related to efforts to eradicate corruption through a beneficial approach, namely: Circular Letter of the Junior Attorney General for Special Crimes Number: B-1113/F/Fd.1/05/2010 dated 18 May 2010, Circular Letter of the Junior Attorney General for Special Crimes No: B-765/F/Fd/04/2018 20 April 2018 May 2018, Circular Letter of the Junior Attorney General for Special Crimes Number: B-945/F/Fjp/05/2018 May 04, 2018. Pembahasan pertama terkait dengan kajian teoritis penanganan perkara pidana melalui pendekatan economyapproach of law bahwa Teori Economy Analysis of Law atau yang disebut sebagai aplikasi teori ekonomi untuk analisis hukum merupakan teori yang mempergunakan konsep-konsep ekonomi untuk menjelaskan efek dari hukum itu sendiri. Beberapa konsep ekonomi yang dipergunakan dalam kajian kebijakan hukum pidana yaitu : Cost-Benefit Analysis, Behavioral theory, Efisiensi-Pareto Optimal. Pembahasan kedua terkait dengan kebijakan Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia dalam penanganan perkara tindak pidana korupsi dengan kerugian kecil (pattycorruption) dengan pendekatan kemanfaatan bahwa Bahwa Kejaksaan RI dalam pelaksanaan tugas dan fungsinya, khususnya dalam hal Penanganan perkara tindak pidana korupsi mengeluarkan beberapa aturan internal yang berhubungan dengan upaya pemberantasan korupsi melalui pendekatan kemanfaatan, yaitu : Surat Edaran Jaksa Agung Muda Tindak Pidana Khusus Nomor : B-1113/F/Fd.1/05/2010 tanggal 18 Mei 2010, Surat Edaran Jaksa Agung Muda Tindak Pidana Khusus No : B-765/F/Fd/04/201820 April 2018 Mei 2018, Surat Edaran Jaksa Agung Muda Tindak Pidana Khusus Nomor : B-945/F/Fjp/05/2018 Tanggal 04 Mei 2018.

PENGARUH STRUKTUR PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL TERHADAP KREDIT BERMASALAH PADA BANK BRI DI DENPASAR

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the effect of internal control on non-performing loans at Bank BRI in Denpasar. The population in this study were all employees of the Denpasar branch of BRI bank. The number of BRI banks in Denpasar is 18 banks. The sample in this study were several employees at each BRI bank in Denpasar Branch. The number of samples obtained consists of 64 respondents using a non-probability sampling method, namely purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by using the questionnaire method. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of this study, it shows that the internal control structure has a significant negative effect on non-performing loans at Bank BRI in Denpasar. The implication of this research is that it can contribute to the application of agency theory and behavioral theory and can provide input to banks to carry out better internal control to minimize non-performing loans.

Performance Feedback Theory

Performance Feedback Theory (PFT) is a scholarly field that examines how organizations respond to feedback on their performance. Other keywords used by researchers in this area include “adaptive aspirations,” “attainment discrepancy,” “organizational learning from performance feedback,” “performance aspiration,” or a more generic label like a “behavioral theory/approach/perspective.” The origin of PFT can be found in the Carnegie School approach. PFT explicitly and predominantly positions itself as part of the “Behavioral Theory of the Firm” (BTOF). PFT shares many of the same foundational ideas and continues to be influenced by other strands of BTOF scholarship. The main concepts in this theory are performance feedback, aspiration levels, and responses or responsiveness. Aspiration level refers to the minimum level of performance deemed satisfactory by a decision maker, and, thus, it serves as the benchmark against which to evaluate performance. Two types of aspiration levels are common: historical ones, which are based on the organization’s own prior performance, and social ones, which are based on the performance of comparable peer organizations, usually all other firms active in a focal firm’s industry. The comparison of actual performance with aspiration levels constitutes performance feedback. Depending on whether performance feedback is favorable, i.e., exceeds a particular aspiration level being examined, PFT predicts different responses and levels of responsiveness. Commonly, predictions and findings indicate responses that diverge from previous firm actions and greater responsiveness in any area of firm activity where performance is below the aspiration level. Such responses includes a wide range of strategic and operational choices, such as new market entry, investment in fixed assets, research and development (R&D) spending, innovation adoption, and so on. In fact, as PFT continues to develop and gain in popularity, the range of firm and decision maker behaviors linked to performance feedback has greatly increased. While consensus is widespread on the core of the theory, PFT scholarship is still developing. Discussions are ongoing on the extent to which its main predictions apply universally, irrespective of the type of organization examined, the performance measure used, and the type of aspiration level considered. Specifically, research efforts are examining what boundary conditions limit the applicability of PFT’s predictions and which contingencies modify them and, thus, should be included as moderators in PFT models.