Structural and Functional Basis of Red Palm Weevil: Pathogen Interactions Leading Towards Enhanced Crop Production in Date Palms

Food safety remains a significant challenge despite the growth and development in agricultural research and the advent of modern biotechnological and agricultural tools. Though the agriculturist struggles to aid the growing population's needs, many pathogen-based plant diseases by their direct impact on cell division and tissue development have led to the loss of tons of food crops every year. Though there are many conventional and traditional methods to overcome this issue, the amount and time spend are huge. Scientists have developed systems biology tools to study the root cause of the problem and rectify it. Host-pathogen protein interactions (HPIs) have a promising role in identifying the pathogens' strategy to conquer the host organism. In this paper, the interactions between the host Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (an invasive wood-boring pest that destroys palm) and the pathogens Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are comprehensively studied using protein-protein interactions, molecular docking, and followed by 200 ns molecular dynamics simulations. This study elucidates the structural and functional basis of these proteins leading towards better plant health, production, and reliability.

Structural and Functional Basis of Red Palm Weevil: Pathogen Interactions Leading Towards Enhanced Crop Production in Date Palms

Food safety remains a significant challenge despite the growth and development in agricultural research and the advent of modern biotechnological and agricultural tools. Though the agriculturist struggles to aid the growing population's needs, many pathogen-based plant diseases by their direct impact on cell division and tissue development have led to the loss of tons of food crops every year. Though there are many conventional and traditional methods to overcome this issue, the amount and time spend are huge. Scientists have developed systems biology tools to study the root cause of the problem and rectify it. Host-pathogen protein interactions (HPIs) have a promising role in identifying the pathogens' strategy to conquer the host organism. In this paper, the interactions between the host Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (an invasive wood-boring pest that destroys palm) and the pathogens Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are comprehensively studied using protein-protein interactions, molecular docking, and followed by 200 ns molecular dynamics simulations. This study elucidates the structural and functional basis of these proteins leading towards better plant health, production, and reliability.

Two-loop leading-color helicity amplitudes for three-photon production at the LHC

We calculate all planar contributions to the two-loop massless helicity amplitudes for the process $$ q\overline{q} $$ q q ¯ → γγγ. The results are presented in fully analytic form in terms of the functional basis proposed recently by Chicherin and Sotnikov. With this publication we provide the two-loop contributions already used by us in the NNLO QCD calculation of the LHC process pp → γγγ [Chawdhry et al. (2019)]. Our results agree with a recent calculation of the same amplitude [Abreu et al. (2020)] which was performed using different techniques. We combine several modern computational techniques, notably, analytic solutions for the IBP identities, finite-field reconstruction techniques as well as the recent approach [Chen (2019)] for efficiently projecting helicity amplitudes. Our framework appears well-suited for the calculation of two-loop multileg amplitudes for which complete sets of master integrals exist.

O. Mandelstam’s poem “Save my speech forever…”: to the interpretation of “dark” places

The dark places of O. Mandelstam’s poem “Save my speech forever…” are considered, and explanatory solutions and comments are offered for each case. The existing interpretations in the scientific literature are critically analyzed, in particular: the presence of a figurative leitmotif in the poem (the article argues for the absence of such a leitmotif); the version supported by a number of experts about the poet’s readiness to make a deal with the authorities expressed in this text (arguments are given in favor of the fact that this version is based on allegoresis that is not quite acceptable for this particular case; hypostasis of the poetic image). The functional basis of the focusing on speech obscuration, which is considered a significant characteristic of the poetics of the late Mandelstam, is clarified, and the origins of the internal form of the term Heraclitus’ metaphor introduced by the poet are revealed.

A Trap-Door Mechanism for Zinc Acquisition by Streptococcus pneumoniae AdcA

ABSTRACT Zinc is an essential element in all domains of life. Nonetheless, how prokaryotes achieve selective acquisition of zinc from the extracellular environment remains poorly understood. Here, we elucidate a novel mechanism for zinc-binding in AdcA, a solute-binding protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Crystal structure analyses reveal the two-domain organization of the protein and show that only the N-terminal domain (AdcAN) is necessary for zinc import. Zinc binding induces only minor changes in the global protein conformation of AdcA and stabilizes a highly mobile loop within the AdcAN domain. This loop region, which is conserved in zinc-specific solute-binding proteins, facilitates closure of the AdcAN binding site and is crucial for zinc acquisition. Collectively, these findings elucidate the structural and functional basis of selective zinc uptake in prokaryotes. IMPORTANCE Zinc is an essential nutrient for the virulence of bacterial pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Many Gram-positive bacteria use a two-domain lipoprotein for zinc acquisition, but how this class of metal-recruiting proteins acquire zinc and interact with the uptake machinery has remained poorly defined. We report the first structure of a two-domain lipoprotein, AdcA from S. pneumoniae, and use computational, spectroscopic, and microbiological approaches to provide new insights into the functional basis of zinc recruitment. Our findings reveal that AdcA employs a novel mechanism for zinc binding that we have termed the “trap-door” mechanism, and we show how the static metal-binding site of the protein, which confers its selectivity for zinc ions, is combined with a dynamic surface element to facilitate zinc recruitment and import into the bacterium. Together, these findings expand our understanding of how bacteria acquire zinc from the environment and provide a foundation for inhibiting this process, through antimicrobial targeting of the dynamic structural elements to block bacterial zinc scavenging.

Typological Features Of Traditional Settlements In Fergana

This article is intended to be used in the design of the Fergana traditional housing project. In solving the architectural and structural part, the formation of the functional basis of the rooms. Full demonstration and implementation of the functional spatial solution of the main rooms.