Characteristics of the projectile and target fragments produced in 84Kr36 — emulsion interaction at 1GeV per nucleon

In the present analysis, we have focused on the emission characteristics of the projectile and target fragments produced from the interaction of [Formula: see text]Kr with nuclear emulsion at 1 A GeV. We have studied the variation of the fragmentation parameter for singly charged [Formula: see text], doubly charged [Formula: see text], lower multiple-charged [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text], medium multiple-charged [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] and higher multiple-charged [Formula: see text], projectile fragments with respect to mass of the projectile and found that they are showing the different behaviors for different projectile fragments. We have also studied the emission behavior of shower particles, with respect to the black and gray particles. The present studies show that the production of shower particles strongly depends on the incident kinetic energy of the projectile and also depending on the interaction of the different types of target nuclei of nuclear emulsion.

CHARACTERIZATION OF ASYMMETRIC FRAGMENTATION PATTERNS IN SPATIALLY EXTENDED SYSTEMS

Spatially extended systems yield complex patterns arising from the coupled dynamics of its different regions. In this paper we introduce a matrix computational operator, [Formula: see text], for the characterization of asymmetric amplitude fragmentation in extended systems. For a given matrix of amplitudes this operation results in an asymmetric-triangulation field composed by L points and I straight lines. The parameter (I-L)/L is a new quantitative measure of the local complexity defined in terms of the asymmetry in the gradient field of the amplitudes. This asymmetric fragmentation parameter is a measure of the degree of structural complexity and characterizes the localized regions of a spatially extended system and symmetry breaking along the evolution of the system. For the case of a random field, in the real domain, which has total asymmetry, this asymmetric fragmentation parameter is expected to have the highest value and this is used to normalize the values for the other cases. Here, we present a detailed description of the operator [Formula: see text] and some of the fundamental conjectures that arises from its application in spatio-temporal asymmetric patterns.