death of jesus
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2021 ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Н. П. Ізотова
Keyword(s):  

Дослідження спрямоване на розкриття лінгвориторичного аспекту функціонування діалогічних художніх форм у романах Дж.М. Кутзее “The Childhood of Jesus”, “The Schooldays of Jesus” і “The Death of Jesus”, розглянутих із позицій гри. Романи з трилогії про Ісуса становлять приклад діалогізованої художньої оповіді, тобто такого різновиду наративу, головним чинником розгортання якого є не сюжетна канва, репрезентована сукупністю оповідних подій у їх індивідуально- авторському аранжуванні, а діалоги персонажів. Установлено, що діалогічний наратив у проаналізованих творах представлено трьома семантико-риторичними моделями діалогу – діалогом-поясненням, що охоплює низку наполегливих питань комунікатнів, націлених на з’ясування певних важливих моментів; діалогом-полемікою, що передбачає обговорення дискусійних питань, під час якого шляхом логічної аргументації співрозмовники намагаються переконати один одного в правильності власного підходу до цього питання; діалогом- протистоянням, який характеризується наявністю певного конфлікту, зіткненням протилежних поглядів і думок. Лінгвориторична специфіка діалогічної оповіді в трилогії Дж.М. Кутзее про Ісуса описана з опертям на два ігрові принципи – агональності й ігрової імітації сократівських діалогів, що простежуються під час розгортання діалогічного наративу в цих романах. Ігровий ефект смислового зіткнення як потенційний результат діалогічної гри-аргону та імітаційної гри виникає в досліджуваних діалогічних наративах завдяки семантиці суперечності та протистояння, що актуалізується у висловленнях головних героїв під час вирішення певного дискусійного питання. Діалогічні наративи, вплетені в сюжетно-композиційну структуру романів, сприяють її фрагментуванню. Водночас спільність теми/тем, що перебуває/перебувають у фокусі обговорення персонажів твору, навпаки, забезпечує семантичну єдність наративу, репрезентованого у формі діалогів. Лінгвориторика діалогу в аспекті оповідного тексто- та смислотворення в проаналізованих текстах розкрита із залученням інструментарію дейксису.


2021 ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
David Lloyd Dusenbury

Anti-Semitic interpretations of the gospels and Christian hostility towards Jews are both rooted, in terribly complex ways, in the first centuries of the Christian era. The death of Jesus is certainly the “most resentment-laden” theme in Christian history. But this chapter argues that it is not a sign of primitive Christian resentment that the gospels depict a Judaean moment in Jesus’ legal ordeal in Jerusalem—an ordeal which culminates in a Roman verdict, and a Roman punishment. In fact, the Judaeans’ condemnation of Jesus is less decisive in the gospels than in many revered Judaic texts. This chapter thus seeks to reconstruct a Judaic ‘passion’ narrative in which Jesus dies, and Pilate is innocent, from the ‘Judaean’ testimonies of a pagan philosopher (Celsus), from the pages of an illustrious rabbinic collection (Babylonian Talmud), and from a tradition of parodic ‘gospels’ (Toledot Yeshu).


2021 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
David Lloyd Dusenbury

In the late 1920s an Austrian historian of religion, Robert Eisler, introduced a riveting new theory about the trial and death of Jesus. On the strength of a dossier of Old Russian manuscripts, Eisler became convinced that Jesus went to Jerusalem shortly before his death with a cohort of “secretly armed” disciples. Once in the holy city, Eisler conjectured, Jesus and his cohort of fighters must have gained control of “the strongly fortified Temple”. It is this action which must have led to Jesus’ arrest and death. Eisler’s most momentous claim, however, is that Pilate’s notes on Jesus’ trial were rediscovered the nineteenth century and published in the early twentieth century. This chapter examines some of Eisler’s sources, and his place in the reception-history of Jesus’ Roman trial. Eisler is unique for his stress on the fascinating question of what Pilate wrote.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Tolop Oloan Marbun

This article examines the theology of resurrection: rethinking the thought of Wolfhart Pannenberg about resurrection. Resurrection is the centre of Pannenberg theology. In his views, the bible should be approached in a historical approach and the resurrection is the climax of incarnation since the incarnation was progressive. The method is a qualitative method with a literature approach. The author will describe Pannenberg’s thought, after that the author will evaluate his thought, and last the author will give argumentations.  As the result, histories were written in the bible because of revelation, the resurrection was not the climax of the incarnation. Bible did not agree with the progressive incarnation, and the death of Jesus was not a catastrophe.  The conclusion, Bible should be approached in a revelation approach, Jesus as fully God from eternity to eternity. Bible does not have internal testimony that incarnation was progressive. The death of Jesus is penal substitution. Artikel ini membahas tentang Teologi Kebangkitan: Mengkaji ulang pemikiran Wolfhart Pannenberg tentang kebangkitan. Kebangkitan merupakan sentral dari teologi Pannenberg. Dalam pandangan Pannenberg, Alkitab harus dipelajari dengan pendekatan historis dan kebangkitan merupakan klimaks dari inkarnasi. Metode yang digunakan metode kualiatas dengan pendekatan studi Pustaka. Pertama penulis akan deskripsikan pemikiran Pannenberg, selanjutanya penulis akan mengkaji ulang pemikirannya dan terakhir penulis akan memberikan argumentasi. Hasilnya, sejarah ditulis dalam Alkitab karena pewahyuan, kebangkitan bukan klimaks inkarnasi, Alkitab tidak menyetujui inkaranis progresif dan kematian Yesus Kristus bukan sebuah catastrophe. Kesimpulannya, mempelajari Alkitab harus menggunakan pendekatan wahyu, Yesus Kristus adalah Allah dari kekekalan sampai kekekalan, Alkitab tidak memiliki kesaksian internal mengenai inkarnasi progresif, dan kematian Yesus adalah penal substitusi.


2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-220
Author(s):  
Marion Christina Hauck

Abstract In scholarly exegetical literature, there exists an important debate concerning whether Luke interprets the death of Jesus soteriologically in Luke-Acts. The passages Luke 22:19–20 and Acts 20:28 have been the centre of attention in this discussion. This essay presents a contribution to the debate by focusing on Acts 20:28: Maintaining the primary meaning of the term ἴδιος (“separate,” “distinct”) the author suggests a new translation of the prepositional phrase διὰ τοῦ αἵµατος τοῦ ἰδίου. The new reading conveys a more ecclesiological interpretation of the death of Jesus and has the advantage of being able to integrate Acts 20:28 into Luke’s wider conceptual framework.


Author(s):  
Sherene Nicholas Khouri

Was Jesus crucified on the cross? Did Jesus die by crucifixion? This topic generates so much emotion and conflict in Christian-Islamic dialogue as many theories have developed to prove one side of the equation. While several methods can answer Islamic objections against the biblical belief, the evidential Apologetics is the best method to provide evidence for the Christian claims. Evidential Apologetics is one of the methods that seeks to prove the truthfulness of the Christian worldview by showing historical and scientific evidences. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to use the evidential method to answer three major objections that Muslims raise against the crucifixion of Jesus: Jesus was never crucified, the swoon theory, and the substitute theory. The paper will conclude that there are surmounted historical and scientific evidences that support the event of Jesus’s crucifixion.


2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Robert P. Sellers

The meaning of the death of Jesus on the cross has been interpreted differently from the first century until today. Of the many theories proposed throughout Christian history, the dominant understanding, especially among evangelical Protestants since the Reformation and perhaps dating from Anselm of Canterbury in the eleventh century, has been the penal-substitutionary view of atonement. Christ died to pay the penalty for human sin, so humanity can receive forgiveness by trusting in the efficacy of Jesus’s death on its behalf. This explanation is an objective theory that is “Godward focused,” understanding the work of Christ as a divine plan to satisfy what God requires: expiation for human sin. Other competing theories, however, reject this idea and propose more subjective views that are “humanward focused.” This article considers the reality of different, imperfect perspectives about matters as complex as the interpretation of God. It connects the writer’s affirmation of the plurality of religious experience with his having lived a quarter century in the multifaith milieu of Java. It touches on specific opposing theories of atonement, endorsing as more useful in our interreligious world the subjective approaches to understanding the cross. It advocates an intriguing argument for the plurality of end goals, or “salvations,” among the world’s religions. Finally, it uses the less dominant models of martyr motif and the moral example theory to investigate how the concept of atonement might be understood in the context of four major world religions other than Christianity, suggesting that acknowledgment of the legitimacy of different approaches to the Divine is a distinctly “Christian” way to live in a diverse world.


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