Perbandingan Perolehan Bahasa Inggris di Indonesia, Thailand dan Philipina

International cooperation between universities is one of the strategic issues for the internationalization of a university in Indonesia. One form of cooperation is not only manifested in the tri dharma aspect of higher education. The focus of this research is the comparison of students' mastery of English in the three countries. This English language ability aims to determine the ability of students who take part in student exchange programs or internship exchange programs conducted by three universities. This descriptive qualitative research involved students from universities in Indonesia, universities in Thailand, and the Philippines. Data taken from interviews with several English learners were then transcribed, coded, and analyzed to determine the stage of mastery of English according to Processability Theory. The results of this study indicate that although there are differences in the use of English in the three countries, participants from the three countries have the same attainment of mastery of English. Participants in the Philippines were more active in using English, considering that English in this country is a second language. Unlike Thailand and Indonesia, which place English as a foreign language. However, the highest mastery of English achieved by participants in the three countries was the same, namely at Stage 3 in Processability Theory.

An Analysis of the English Textbooks in Turkish Primary Schools with Regard to the Processability Theory

The Processability Theory suggests that teacha bility and learn ability of a language is constrained by what learners are ready to acquire. This means that what is presented to the learners should be in line with their level and readiness. Textbooks are one of the fundamental resources of language learning and teaching, and in this sense, analyzing them is very significant for ensuring that they are appropriate for the target learner group. Accordingly, this study aims to find out whether the stages of different morphosyntactic structuresin 5 English textbooks are sequenced according to the developmental stages offered bythe Processability Theory and whether these 5 textbooks complement each other from the 2nd grade to 4th grade. The 5 English textbooks that are currently being used in public schools in Turkey at primary school level were selected. Textbook Analysis as a part of Document Analysis was undertaken, and the morphosyntactic structures provided in the units of these textbooks were analyzed. The findings suggest that the textbooks follow the stages suggested by the Processability Theory in general; however, there are some incompatibilities as well. The sequential development from the 2nd grade to the 4th grade is in a complementary fashion in that they tend to focus on later stages of morphological development as grade increases except for Primary School Just Fun English 3 (Tıraş, 2018) which was found to present a few morphosyntactic structures that are slightly from higher stages for the expected developmental stage while most of the structures of this textbook conforms to the developmental stages of the Processability Theory as well.

A processability approach to the development of case in L2 Icelandic

This article presents the findings of a study on the development of case assignment in Icelandic as a second language within the context of Processability Theory (PT) and compares them with previous PT studies on the development of case in L2 German, Russian, and Serbian. We argue that initially, learners are only able to appropriately mark subjects and objects in canonical positions (e.g., subjnom v objacc ). Later they are also able to mark arguments with the appropriate case in sentences that deviate from canonical word order (e.g., objacc/dat v subjnom ). In order to examine the case development in L2 Icelandic, 148 learners were asked to fill in the blanks of sentences with missing core arguments. Our results replicate for the most part the previous findings for L2 German, Russian, and Serbian. As such, the present study adds to the typological plausibility of PT as a framework that predicts and explains developmental sequences.