Initial Implementation of Structural Health Monitoring System of a Railway Bridge

In order to determine the actual condition of the railway bridge structure in the field, predictive monitoring is needed by installing a structural health monitoring system (SHMS). In the process of applying the SHMS, a bridge design review was applied to have railway bridge characteristics. The purpose of conducting this design review is to determine the allowable threshold for deflection and vibration of the bridge. This paper will present the analysis of the steel frame structure; with a span of 51.60 meters, 4.45 meters wide, of 5.00 meters high, respectively. According to the applicable standards, the loads used following the function of the bridge on the railroad tracks are calculated. The purpose of this paper is to (1) analyze the strength of the attached profile against the working forces, especially the live load of the rail line, (2) to know the deflection that occurs, (3) to know the natural frequency that occurs, and (4) to develop expert systems. The simulation results are used as the basis for placing sensors on the bridge and as the basis for determining the threshold for the railway bridge SHMS.

PENENTUAN NILAI DEFLEKSI MAKSIMUM PADA JEMBATAN STEEL BOX GIRDER BERDASARKAN DATA NILAI ROTASI

Structural health monitoring system plays a crucial role in order to ensure a well-maintained bridge condition. There are a number of methods that may be utilized in order to conduct the monitoring process, namely the use of Global Positioning System (GPS). Despite its accuracy, the use of GPS is deemed costly. A more practical and economical approach to predicting deflection is the use of tiltmeter to obtain rotational values. This research studied the accuracy of simple span steel box girder deflection that is obtained from regression formulae. The analysis showed that a 3D linear and quadratic regression with two rotation data provided the best accuracy if compared with 2D. Keywords: deflection; rotation; structural health monitoring system; tiltmeter AbstrakPemantauan kesehatan struktur jembatan (structural health monitoring system) sangat penting dilakukan untuk memastikan jembatan tetap dalam kondisi yang memadai. Banyak cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk memonitor kondisi jembatan, salah satunya dengan menggunakan Global Positioning System (GPS). Walaupun menghasilkan data yang akurat, penggunaan GPS dipandang menghabiskan biaya yang relatif besar. Adapun solusi yang lebih praktis dan murah untuk memprediksi defleksi yaitu dengan menggunakan tiltmeter dengan data rotasi. Pada studi ini, telah dipelajari tingkat akurasi defleksi jembatan steel box girder dengan bentang sederhana dari hasil persamaan regresi dengan data rotasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa model regresi linear dan kuadratik 3D untuk 2 data rotasi memiliki tingkat akurasi lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan model regresi linear dan kuadratik 2D untuk 2 data rotasi.

EVALUASI RENCANA PEMASANGAN SENSOR STRUCTURE HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM JEMBATAN PULAU BALANG II

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Salah satu isu utama dalam setiap penerapan <em>Structure Health Monitoring System</em> (SHMS) jembatan bentang panjang khususnya jembatan Pulau Balang II adalah bagaimana membuat SHMS tersebut dapat diandalkan secara efektif. Penggunaan sensor yang terlalu banyak tidaklah efisien demi mendapatkan informasi yang selengkap-lengkapnya terkait kondisi jembatan. Tujuan utama riset ini adalah untuk menganalisia tipe sensor, posisi penempatan sensor dan jumlah sensor yang akan dipasang pada SHMS jembatan Pulau Balang sesuai kebutuhan sensor yang efektif dan efisien. Pengamatan SHMS meliputi lendutan dek, pylon serta tegangan dek, pylon. Metode penelitian berupa pengamatan langsung di lapangan, analisa data dan diskusi dengan stakeholder jembatan. Dari hasil analisis terdapat 13 jenis sensor yang sebaiknya dipasang pada SHMS Jembatan Pulau Balang dengan total kebutuhan sensor berjumlah 87 buah. Posisi penempatan sensor sebagian besar ada di pylon, kabel dan dek yang disesuaikan dengan tipe jembatan yaitu cable stayed. Untuk sensor gempa disarankan perlu dipasang hal ini dikarenakan wilayah tersebut memiliki seismistis paling rendah yang didominasi oleh tiga zona sesar utama yaitu sesar mangkalihat, sesar tarakan dan sesar maratus oleh karena itu Kalimantan bukanlah daerah yang bebas gempa bumi.</p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Kata kunci: <em>structural health monitoring system</em><em> (SHMS),</em><em> sensor, p</em><em>ylon, dek, cable stayed</em></p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p>One of the main issues in each application of Structure Health Monitoring System (SHMS) in long span bridge particularly Pulau Balang II Bridge is how to make the SHMS effectively dependable. The excessive use of sensors is inefficient in order to obtain complete information regarding the condition of the bridge. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the type of sensor, the position of the sensor placement and the number of sensors that will be installed on the SHMS structure of the Balang Island bridge according to the need for effective and efficient sensors. SHMS observations include deck deflection, pylon and deck stress, pylon. The research method is in the form of direct observation in the field, data analysis and discussions with bridge stakeholders. From the results of the analysis, there are 13 types of sensors that should be installed on the Balang Island Bridge SHMS with a total sensor requirement of 87 units. Most of the sensor placement positions are in the pylons, cables and decks that are adapted to the type of bridge, namely cable stayed. For earthquake sensors, it is recommended to install this because the area has the lowest seismicity which is dominated by three main fault zones, namely the Mangkalihat Fault, Tarakan Fault and Maratus Fault. Therefore, Kalimantan is not an earthquake-free area</p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Keywords: <em>structural health monitoring system</em><em> (SHMS),</em><em> sensor, pylon, deck, cable stayed</em></p>

Monitoring of a rehabilitated building in soft soil in Mexico and structural response to the September 2017 earthquakes: Part 1: structural health monitoring system

The seismic response of an instrumented 22-story rehabilitated building is presented. The building analyzed is as part of a complex (called CCUT) with three low-rise structures and a common basement founded on soft soil that was built in 1964. Since it was under construction until date, the building tower has experienced differential settlements and tilting. To mitigate such problems, the building has been subjected to several rehabilitations over the years. During the 1985 and 2017 high-intensity earthquakes in Mexico City, the tower suffered some damage. The aim of this article is to discuss the structural health monitoring system implemented for the tower and to describe the structure’s performance since the last rehabilitation in 2009. A monitoring methodology designed and implemented as a structural warning system based on five structural health indicators, two on seismic severity and three on structural performance, to automatically process seismic records, is presented. The results of the seismic response of the CCUT tower between 2011 and 2018 indicate that the structure had suffered moderate damage. Analysis of data, corroborated by building inspection, confirmed that the structure exhibited good performance during the 19 September 2017 Puebla-Morelos earthquake. The importance of the information obtained from the structural warning system is highlighted as a promissory tool for establishing a robust decision framework for occupants’ safety.