ГАЛАКТИЧНІ СЛІДИ РЕГЕНЕРАЦІЇ ВОДНЮ

The article discusses direct consequences of hydrogen regeneration mechanisms observed in galaxies when galactic nuclei are active. Previously, these mechanisms have been presented by describing the work of structures that form quasar jets. Based on evaluation of the findings obtained through observation of our Galaxy and intergalactic space, the present article gives direct evidence that the aforementioned processes exist. The adduced evidence is astronomical objects that have come into existence as a result of hydrogen ejected by jets together with plasma and dust. In terms of the Milky Way galaxy, this fact is emphasised by direct astronomical observation of its elements. There are also evidential findings among intergalactic astronomy observational data, whose origin is explained comprehensively in terms of the present approach. However, the provided findings are traditionally regarded from the prevailing Big Bang theory perspective. For instance, according to this theory, huge intergalactic hydrogen clouds are interpreted as residual hydrogen left from the primary explosion. The Milky Way observation results include data indicative of alleged contribution of the given processes to formation of some of its structural elements, including a number of satellite galaxies. There is a criterion whereby it is possible to distinguish galactic gas clouds and star clusters formed of galactic matter itself. This matter containing a great deal of regenerated hydrogen was ejected from a galactic nucleus during the period of its activity. Based on the example of a spiral galaxy, it is assumed that active galactic nuclei are possibly involved in the formation of its morphology. It is concluded that, when being active, a central supermassive object performs its primary function, which is to process waste produced during the life of stars. This process is the final link in the galactic life cycle, which consists of two reciprocal processes. The first one is about hydrogen burning continuously in stars, while the second one is about episodic activity of the galactic nucleus, which results in star waste that contributes to regeneration of hydrogen needed to maintain direct processes within the galaxy. The two specified processes are associated with one more process: stellar electromagnetic radiation energy extended beyond the galaxy partially returns to it. The process is completed due to a fragment of dark matter. The overarching conclusion can be drawn: as a functional system, the Universe is well-organised and self-sufficient to last forever.

Unraveling the Physics of Quasar Jets: Optical Polarimetry and Implications for the X-ray Emission Process

Since the launch of Chandra twenty years ago, one of the greatest mysteries surrounding Quasar Jets is the production mechanism for their extremely high X-ray luminosity. Two mechanisms have been proposed. In the first view, the X-ray emission is inverse-Comptonized CMB photons. This view requires a jet that is highly relativistic (bulk Lorentz factor >20–40) on scales of hundreds of kiloparsecs, and a jet that is comparably or more powerful than the black hole’s Eddington luminosity. The second possibility is synchrotron emission from a high-energy population of electrons. This requires a much less powerful jet that does not need to be relativistically beamed, but it imposes other extreme requirements, namely the need to accelerate particles to >100 TeV energies at distances of hundreds of kiloparsecs from the active nucleus. We are exploring these questions using a suite of observations from a diverse group of telescopes, including the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO), Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and various radio telescope arrays. Our results strongly favor the hypothesis that the X-ray emission is synchrotron radiation from a separate, high-energy electron population. We discuss the observations, results and new questions brought up by these surprising results. We investigate the physical processes and magnetic field structure that may help to accelerate particles to such extreme energies.

Tracing the high energy emission of γ-ray detected radio loud quasars

We present a multiwavelength study of the core and relativistic jet of the radio loud (RL) quasar RGB J1512+020A (z=0.20). We report the discovery of a bright, 13” extended X-ray jet with a short Chandra observation. We discuss the origin of the jet X-ray emission and its properties in comparison with sample of X-ray quasar jets. The broadband core spectrum is contributed by the emission of the central quasar, by a blazar component, responsible for the γ-ray emission detected by Fermi, and by the host galaxy. We model the non-thermal blazar spectral energy distribution (SED) and constrain the total jet power. The jet power inferred from the blazar SED modeling is in agreement with the values obtained from the total radio power, pointing to a jet that efficiently carries its power up to kiloparsec scales. The quasar emission appears intrinsically weak in the optical-UV band. The disk luminosity estimated from the broad emission lines is lower than the jet power, in agreement with recent results from observations and theory.