Cyberspace: Key Properties and Traits

Backbone telecom networks have become one, which created an artificially global space known as cyberspace. The very emergence of such a complex space calls for detailed investigation and making a thesaurus. This paper is an attempt to create a terminology base applicable to the concept.

Modelling Quality and Pricing in Next Generation Telecom Networks

This chapter aims to provide new possibilities for service providers to enhance their revenues using the appropriate pricing scheme. Features and applicability of responsive pricing scheme and hybrid pricing for charging end users in next generation network are discussed. Game theory is used as an underlying concept for the implementation of pricing. In addition, transparent mapping of quality of service parameters to quality of business are considered, encompassing service price dependence on quality of service violation, which is consequently reflected on service provider's revenue.

Spectral extension and synchronization of microcombs in a single microresonator

Broadband optical frequency combs are extremely versatile tools for precision spectroscopy, ultrafast ranging, as channel generators for telecom networks, and for many other metrology applications. Here, we demonstrate that the optical spectrum of a soliton microcomb generated in a microresonator can be extended by bichromatic pumping: one laser with a wavelength in the anomalous dispersion regime of the microresonator generates a bright soliton microcomb while another laser in the normal dispersion regime both compensates the thermal effect of the microresonator and generates a repetition-rate-synchronized second frequency comb. Numerical simulations agree well with experimental results and reveal that a bright optical pulse from the second pump is passively formed in the normal dispersion regime and trapped by the primary soliton. In addition, we demonstrate that a dispersive wave can be generated and influenced by cross-phase-modulation-mediated repetition-rate synchronization of the two combs. The demonstrated technique provides an alternative way to generate broadband microcombs and enables the selective enhancement of optical power in specific parts of a comb spectrum.