Price Discrimination in the Digital Age

This chapter discusses the morality of online price discrimination. Price discrimination is a widespread type of market behaviour and it occurs, roughly, when a seller systematically charges different prices for the same product when it is offered to different groups of customers. Price discrimination occurs both online and offline, but some find the practice particularly suspicious when deployed in online markets. This asymmetry, we argue, calls for an explanation. In the chapter, we define price discrimination and review a number of explanations of why, and when, price discrimination is morally objectionable. We argue that online price discrimination will often prove more problematic than its offline counterpart, but also that neither practice is necessarily morally wrong.

Market Exchange and Alienation

Efficient markets are alienating if they inhibit us from caring about one another inour productive activities. I argue that efficient market behaviour is bothexclusionary and fetishistic. As exclusionary, the efficient marketeer cannotmanifest care alongside their market behaviour. As fetishistic, the efficientmarketeer cannot manifest care in their market behaviour. The conjunction entailsthat efficient market behavior inhibits care. It doesn’t follow that efficient marketbehavior is vicious: individuals might justifiably commit to efficiency becausedoing so serves the common good. But efficient market systems nevertheless havesignificant opportunity costs. This serves as a corrective to the prevailingassumption amongst welfare state capitalists, liberal egalitarians and marketsocialists that resolving distributive objections to markets will resolve thisrelational objection. 

Power Relationship Marketing dalam Bisnis

Understanding the motivations of consumers to engage in relationships with marketers is important for both practitioners and marketing scholars. To develop an effective theory of relationship marketing, it is necessary to under¬stand what motivates consumers to reduce their available market choices and engage in relational market behaviour by patronizing the same marketer in subsequent choice situations. This article draws on established consumer behaviour literature to suggest that consumers engage in relational marker behaviour due to personal influences, social influences, and institutional influences. Consumers reduce their available choice and engage in relational market behaviour because they want to simplify their buying and consuming tasks, simple information processing, reduce perceived risky, and maintain competitive consistency and a state of psychological comfort. The willingness and ability of both consumers and marketers to engage in relational marketing will lead to greater marketing productivity; unless either consumers or mar¬keters abuse the mutual interdependence and cooperation. This article examines theoretical contributions to a comprehensive relationship marketing concept. In the modern marketing sciences, that interaction in networks of relationships constitutes both the essence of life itself and the essence of society. Marketing just applying the perspective of its own discipline and not properly considering the context within which marketing operates. The article offers an overview of the contributions to relationship marketing from traditional consumer goods marketing, services marketing, business marketing and base theory for research

Gender Role Attitudes and Labour Market Behaviours: Do Attitudes Contribute to Gender Differences in Employment in Germany?

This article contributes to the literature on persistent gender inequalities in the labour market by investigating gender role attitudes in Germany and their association with labour market behaviour. Based on the German Panel Study ‘Labour Market and Social Security’ (PASS), longitudinal analyses are applied to examine the influence of gender role attitudes and the household context on various employment states. The results reveal that gender role attitudes are crucial for labour market behaviour and that there are differences among women and men in different household contexts. Whereas single men and women do not differ significantly in their employment probabilities, women in couple households are less active in the labour market than their male counterparts. Furthermore, differences in employment are largest in couples with children. Among women, differences in full-time employment by household context become smaller when these women hold egalitarian attitudes.