Improved method of complete removable laminar dentures manufacturing for the prosthodontic treatment of patients with completely absent dentition

A device for the formation of a prosthetic plane of the upper jaw check-bite in the course of the prosthodontic treatment of the patients with completely absent dentition was developed in order to improve the formation of the prosthetic plane during complete removable laminar dentures manufacturing. The objective was achieved by the fact that the bite plate of the device was made in the form of U-shaped supporting ruler with a fork-like extension on both sides and with a pocket in the central part. The bite plates for the frontal and chewing parts of the upper jaw check-bite were inserted into the pocket. The bite plates were made removable, the frontal plate was T-shaped, and the chewing one was fork-like with rounded forks. The device was additionally equipped with a movable ruler to record strict parallel alignment in relation to the Camper and inter-pupillary lines. The supporting ruler was equipped with two vertical columns of square shape with symmetric millimeter scales, along which the vertical movements of the movable ruler were conducted and its parallel alignment was recorded in relation to the supporting ruler. The movable ruler was additionally equipped with a leveling device fixed in its central part to position the patient’s head relative to the horizon line. The use of bite plates for the frontal and chewing parts of the upper jaw check-bite and the provision of structural elements in the form of the supporting and movable rulers with the possibility of moving the movable ruler on the vertical columns of the supporting ruler provide a fast, comfortable, precise and uniform formation of the prosthetic plane of the upper jaw check-bite parallel to the Camper and inter-pupillary lines in the prosthodontic treatment of the patients with completely absent dentition.

A Mongolian Era Female Headdress from the Upper Ob Basin

A Mongolian era female headdress of the bocca type is described. It was found in 2015, in a burial at Krokhalevka-5, in the Novosibirsk region of the Ob. The undisturbed burial of an adult female belongs to a group of contemporaneous medieval graves under a large mound 75 and dates to the 13th to 14th centuries. We describe the birch-bark frame (cylindrical base, frontal plate, and cover) and the decorative items (large glass and stone beads, small glass beads, and a bronze earring) with regard to field conservation and subsequent restoration. The size and shape of the headdress are reconstructed. It is one of the northern specimens of the Mongolian and Tian Shan bocca type, and its parallels are known from archaeological finds and written descriptions. Bocca, an attribute of a married woman, had ritual and mundane functions and several meanings. Like the silk items found in the burial, the bocca was a prestigious imported object marking the high status of the woman and of other individuals buried under the same mound. It evidences ties between the local elite and the steppe dwellers––members of the imperial Mongol culture.

Revision of Hastatobythites and Saccogaster (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with three new species and a new genus

Material of three similar and probably related genera of the viviparous ophidiiform family, Bythitidae, has been studied.The monotypic Hastatobythites is only known from the original two specimens; re-examination of the paratype and infor-mation of the holotype clearly demonstrates the validity of the genus. The revision of Saccogaster (Cohen & Nielsen1972) was based on 15 specimens. Since then 29 additional specimens have been collected representing 11 species, threeof which are here described: S. brayae, horrida and nikoliviae. Three of the 11 Saccogaster species, S. melanomycter, S.normae and S. rhamphidognatha, differ so much from the remaining eight that a new genus, Parasaccogaster, is de-scribed. The main diagnostic characters used for the three genera are: A pair of spines on frontal plate behind eyes, spineson snout, length of gill filaments on anterior arch, number and length of developed gill rakers, size of gill opening, thick-ness of skin, head pores, otolith morphology, color marks on head, neuromasts on head and head morphometrics, fin ray counts.

Redescription of the marine scuticociliate Glauconema trihymene Thompson, 1966 (Protozoa: Ciliophora): life cycle and stomatogenesis

The transformation from trophont to tomite, morphology, and stomatogenesis during asexual division of the marine ciliate Glauconema trihymene Thompson, 1966 were studied using protargol and Chatton–Lwoff silver nitrate impregnation. An improved diagnosis for the genus Glauconema is suggested: Parauronematidae with polymorphic life cycle comprising trophont, tomite and cyst: buccal apparatus dimorphic, membranelles 1 and 2 closely opposed in trophont while well separated in tomite; paroral membrane uniform, extending anteriorly to midway of membranelle 2; single caudal cilium present; conspicuous glabrous frontal plate. Morphological redescription and stomatogenetic studies were made for G. trihymene. Stomatogenesis in G. trihymene is characterized by: paroral membrane and scutica in the opisthe originate from the anterior part of the parental paroral membrane; membranelles 1 and 2 in the opisthe derive from the posterior part of the parental paroral membrane; the major part of the proliferated scutica develops into membranelle 3 with only a small part comprising several kinetosomes joining in the formation of membranelle 2. Several stages of the transformation from trophont to tomite were also observed. This process starts from an anarchic field, which originates from the whole parental paroral membrane. These develop into two primordia that generate the paroral membrane and three new membranelles, respectively. The three parental membranelles are resorbed or join in the formation of the new membranelles, while the scutica is retained and does not take part in the transformation. The genus Urocryptum Pérez-Uz & Guinea, 2001 is considered a junior synonym of Glauconema and U. tortum is hence transferred to the genus Glauconema as G. tortum (Maupas, 1883) nov. comb.