Quantized toroidal dipole eigenvalues in nano-systems

The parity violation in nuclear reactions led to the discovery of the new class of toroidal multipoles. Since then, it was observed that toroidal multipoles are present in the electromagnetic structure of systems at all scales, from elementary particles, to solid state systems and metamaterials. The toroidal dipole T (the lowest order multipole) is the most common. This corresponds to the toroidal dipole operator T ^ in quantum systems, with the projections T ^ i (i = 1, 2, 3) on the coordinate axes. These operators are observables if they are self-adjoint, but, although it is commonly discussed of toroidal dipoles of both, classical and quantum systems, up to now no system has been identified in which the operators are self-adjoint. Therefore, in this paper we use what are called the “natural coordinates” of the T ^ 3 operator to give a general procedure to construct operators that commute with T ^ 3 . Using this method, we introduce the operators p ^ ( k ) , p ^ ( k 1 ) , and p ^ ( k 2 ) , which, together with T ^ 3 and L ^ 3 , form sets of commuting operators: ( p ^ ( k ) , T ^ 3 , L ^ 3 ) and ( p ^ ( k 1 ) , p ^ ( k 2 ) , T ^ 3 ) . All these theoretical considerations open up the possibility to design metamaterials that could exploit the quantization and the general quantum properties of the toroidal dipoles.

The Drury–Arveson Space on the Siegel Upper Half-space and a von Neumann Type Inequality

In this work we study what we call Siegel–dissipative vector of commuting operators $$(A_1,\ldots , A_{d+1})$$ ( A 1 , … , A d + 1 ) on a Hilbert space $${{\mathcal {H}}}$$ H and we obtain a von Neumann type inequality which involves the Drury–Arveson space DA on the Siegel upper half-space $${{\mathcal {U}}}$$ U . The operator $$A_{d+1}$$ A d + 1 is allowed to be unbounded and it is the infinitesimal generator of a contraction semigroup $$\{e^{-i\tau A_{d+1}}\}_{\tau <0}$$ { e - i τ A d + 1 } τ < 0 . We then study the operator $$e^{-i\tau A_{d+1}}A^{\alpha }$$ e - i τ A d + 1 A α where $$A^{\alpha }=A_1^{\alpha _1}\cdots A^{\alpha _d}_d$$ A α = A 1 α 1 ⋯ A d α d for $$\alpha \in {\mathbb N}_0^d$$ α ∈ N 0 d and prove that can be studied by means of model operators on a weighted $$L^2$$ L 2 space. To prove our results we obtain a Paley–Wiener type theorem for DA and we investigate some multiplier operators on DA as well.

Cocycles on groupoids arising from -actions

We consider groupoids constructed from a finite number of commuting local homeomorphisms acting on a compact metric space and study generalized Ruelle operators and $ C^{\ast } $ -algebras associated to these groupoids. We provide a new characterization of $ 1 $ -cocycles on these groupoids taking values in a locally compact abelian group, given in terms of $ k $ -tuples of continuous functions on the unit space satisfying certain canonical identities. Using this, we develop an extended Ruelle–Perron–Frobenius theory for dynamical systems of several commuting operators ( $ k $ -Ruelle triples and commuting Ruelle operators). Results on KMS states on $ C^{\ast } $ -algebras constructed from these groupoids are derived. When the groupoids being studied come from higher-rank graphs, our results recover existence and uniqueness results for KMS states associated to the graphs.

The Measure Aspect of Quantum Uncertainty, of Entanglement, and the Associated Entropies

Indeterminacy associated with the probing of a quantum state is commonly expressed through spectral distances (metric) featured in the outcomes of repeated experiments. Here, we express it as an effective amount (measure) of distinct outcomes instead. The resulting μ-uncertainties are described by the effective number theory whose central result, the existence of a minimal amount, leads to a well-defined notion of intrinsic irremovable uncertainty. We derive μ-uncertainty formulas for arbitrary set of commuting operators, including the cases with continuous spectra. The associated entropy-like characteristics, the μ-entropies, convey how many degrees of freedom are effectively involved in a given measurement process. In order to construct quantum μ-entropies, we are led to quantum effective numbers designed to count independent, mutually orthogonal states effectively comprising a density matrix. This concept is basis-independent and leads to a measure-based characterization of entanglement.

On extended commuting operators

In this paper, we study properties of extended commuting operators. In particular, we provide the polar decomposition of the product of (?,?)-commuting operators where ? and ? are real numbers with ?? > 0. Furthermore, we find the restriction of ? for the product of (?,?)-commuting quasihyponormal operators to be quasihyponormal. We also give spectral and local spectral relations between ?-commuting operators. Moreover, we show that the operators ?-commuting with a unilateral shift are representable as weighted composition operators.