A note on the centralizer of a subalgebra of the Steinberg algebra

For an ample Hausdorff groupoid G \mathcal {G} , and the Steinberg algebra A R ( G ) A_R(\mathcal {G}) with coefficients in the commutative ring R R with unit, the centralizer is described for the subalgebra A R ( U ) A_R(U) with U U an open closed invariant subset of the unit space of G \mathcal {G} . In particular, it is shown that the algebra of the interior of the isotropy is indeed the centralizer of the diagonal subalgebra of the Steinberg algebra. This will unify several results in the literature, and the corresponding results for Leavitt path algebras follow.

TERRITORIALITY IN TOURISM KAMPUNG ALLEY AS A SHARED PUBLIC SPACE

Kampung alley is a street network that perceived as a social space due to its function for community. One problematic thing that occur in tourism kampung alley is a significant change from activities taken place in the alley that have commercial-tourism functions and open for public. This change leads to the requirement of kampung alley to have high accessibility and openness to outsider. In this term, it will change the territoriality pattern as well as its meaning for residents. Territoriality is one kind of environmental behavior study about spatial usage of built environment. Territoriality has strong engagement with cultural and social context. This paper analyze that there are some changes and ambiguity of territoriality in the context of tourism kampung. Some personal and private activities have occur in the alley that are considered as a public space. This additional personal space is due to the lack of housing unit space. Strong bind of neighborhood connection is also taking a role so the residents can freely use alley for their personal need.Abstrak: Gang kampung merupakan jaringan jalan yang dipersepsikan sebagai ruang sosial oleh masyarakat yang tinggal di dalamnya. Salah satu permasalahan yang terjadi pada gang kampung wisata adalah adanya perubahan aktifitas yang signifikan dan memiliki fungsi komersial sebagai area pariwisata yang terbuka untuk umum. Perubahan ini menyebabkan gang kampung harus memiliki keterbukaan dan aksesibilitas tinggi terhadap pihak luar. Hal ini akan mengubah pola teritorialitas serta makna gang kampung bagi warganya. Teritori adalah salah satu jenis kajian perilaku lingkungan tentang pemanfaatan ruang lingkungan binaan. Teritori memiliki keterikatan yang kuat dengan konteks budaya dan sosial. Makalah ini menganalisis terdapat beberapa perubahan dan ambiguitas teritori dalam konteks kampung pariwisata. Beberapa aktivitas pribadi dan privat dapat terjadi di gang yang dianggap sebagai ruang publik. Tambahan personal space ini disebabkan keterbatasan ruang rumah kampung. Ikatan yang kuat antar tetangga juga turut berperan agar warga bisa leluasa menggunakan gang untuk kebutuhan pribadinya.

Cocycles on groupoids arising from -actions

We consider groupoids constructed from a finite number of commuting local homeomorphisms acting on a compact metric space and study generalized Ruelle operators and $ C^{\ast } $ -algebras associated to these groupoids. We provide a new characterization of $ 1 $ -cocycles on these groupoids taking values in a locally compact abelian group, given in terms of $ k $ -tuples of continuous functions on the unit space satisfying certain canonical identities. Using this, we develop an extended Ruelle–Perron–Frobenius theory for dynamical systems of several commuting operators ( $ k $ -Ruelle triples and commuting Ruelle operators). Results on KMS states on $ C^{\ast } $ -algebras constructed from these groupoids are derived. When the groupoids being studied come from higher-rank graphs, our results recover existence and uniqueness results for KMS states associated to the graphs.

Improving Room-Level Location for Indoor Trajectory Tracking with Low IPS Accuracy

With the development of indoor positioning methods, such as Wi-Fi positioning, geomagnetic sensor positioning, Ultra-Wideband positioning, and pedestrian dead reckoning, the area of location-based services (LBS) is expanding from outdoor to indoor spaces. LBS refers to the geographic location information of moving objects to provide the desired services. Most Wi-Fi-based indoor positioning methods provide two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) coordinates in 1–5 m of accuracy on average approximately. However, many applications of indoor LBS are targeted to specific spaces such as rooms, corridors, stairs, etc. Thus, they require determining a service space from a coordinate in indoor spaces. In this paper, we propose a map matching method to assign an indoor position to a unit space a subdivision of an indoor space, called USMM (Unit Space Map Matching). Map matching is a commonly used localization improvement method that utilizes spatial constraints. We consider the topological information between unit spaces and moving objects’ probabilistic properties, compared to existing room-level mappings based on sensor signals, especially received signal strength-based fingerprinting. The proposed method has the advantage of calculating the probability even if there is only one input trajectory. Last, we analyze the accuracy and performance of the proposed USMM methods by extensive experiments in real and synthetic environments. The experimental results show that our methods bring a significant improvement when the accuracy level of indoor positioning is low. In experiments, the room-level location accuracy improves by almost 30% and 23% with real and synthetic data, respectively. We conclude that USMM methods are helpful to correct valid room-level locations from given positioning locations.

Throughput Capacity Comparison for Airport Pickup and Dropoff Facilities

An airport serves as an interface between ground and air transportation; the efficient processing of ground transportation arrivals and departures is, therefore, an important part of airport operations. At many airports, the current pickup and dropoff locations for taxis and other passenger cars are along the terminal curb or in existing parking facilities, and many of these pickup and dropoff facilities suffer from excessive congestion. In addition, in recent years there has been growth in the use of on-demand ground transportation to and from airports, with the increased adoption of ride-hailing services, resulting in increased congestion. Since most airports are severely space constrained, there is a need to consider pickup and dropoff facilities that are more efficient (in vehicle throughput per unit space) than terminal curbs. In this paper we compare the throughput capacities of different pickup and dropoff facility layouts. We take into account the effect of the facility layout and operational rules on conflicts between the movements of different vehicles, the resulting delays in the movements of vehicles, as well as the spatial requirements of different layouts. We demonstrate the impact of mean service times, variability in service times and vehicle movement times, and operational rules on the relative throughput capacities of different facility layouts.

Comfort Equals Nurturing: Young People Talk About Mental Health Ward Design

Aim: The aim of this research was to obtain user perspectives of adolescent patients to inform the redesign of an adolescent mental health inpatient facility ward unit in regional Australia. Background: It is well established that the consumer will use and understand unit space differently than the health professional, because of their unique positioning and depth of experience. The participation of young people in the design of ward environments and programs is essential. Methods: A combination of focus groups and interviews was undertaken with eight participants. Results: This study found that, in its current form, the unit revolves around routines, tasks, and patient safety, which in turn are driven by secure spaces and surveillance of the patients. Due to these routines and tasks, the aspects of individualized patient care and personal impetus and comfort are lost. Adolescent patients are able to identify solutions to enhance their hospital stay in the mental health context without being excessive and unrealistic in their suggestions. Conclusions: When designing an adolescent unit, there needs to be some consideration as to how the group using the unit understands space. Through their role and depth of hospital experience, the adolescent patient will use and understand unit space differently from that of the health professional whose role is a worker. Therefore, it is necessary to gain the perspectives of adolescent patients for efficient and effective functioning of such an environment and to suit the needs of those it is “built for,” the adolescent patient.

The Pennsylvanian System in the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico, USA: Stratigraphy, Petrography, Depositional Systems, Paleontology, Biostratigraphy and Geologic History

Pennsylvanian sedimentary rocks in the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico, comprise an ~1 km thick stratigraphic section. The Morrowan-Desmoinesian Gobbler Formation was deposited by shallow marine processes in and near the Alamo clastic trough. In this trough, the Desmoinesian-Missourian Gray Mesa Formation (Bug Scuffle Member, Gobbler Formation) is a relatively thin unit (Space History Member) representing the glacioeustatic Amado event. The Missourian-Virgilian Beeman Formation includes the lower, siliciclastic Indian Wells Canyon Member and overlying, carbonate-rich Horse Ridge Member. The Virgilian Holder Formation consists of algal bioherms (Little Dry Canyon Member) overlain by the mixed carbonate-siliciclastic Mill Ridge Member. The Virgilian-Wolfcampian Bursum Formation is mixed siliciclastic-carbonate strata that represent shallow marine and nonmarine paleoenvironments. Animal and plant remains occur throughout the section. Unit age determinations are primarily based on conodont faunas recovered from the Gobbler, Gray Mesa, and Beeman Formations. Many conodont faunas correlate with Midcontinent cyclothems. Extensive algal and foraminiferal fossils also were identified in limestones from the section and contributed to age determinations. The Beeman Formation in particular contains an extensive Missourian macroflora. The macroflora is of “mixed” composition, containing typical wetland elements intimately intermixed with taxa indicative of seasonally dry habitats. A seasonally wet-dry background climate is indicated. It is unlikely that drought-tolerant plants were transported exclusively from “uplands.” Some plant remains have arthropod-feeding evidence. Previous analyses identified late Paleozoic ice-age glacioeustasy as the primary depositional driver of Pennsylvanian sedimentation in the Sacramento Mountains. We question this because of problems with those analyses and because of ample evidence of local tectonics and microclimate changes as important drivers of sedimentation in this area. Three Pennsylvanian Ancestral Rocky Mountain orogeny tectonic pulses can be identified in the Sacramento Mountains: Morrowan-Atokan, Missourian, and late Virgilian-Wolfcampian.

The Pennsylvanian System in the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico, USA: Stratigraphy, Petrography, Depositional Systems, Paleontology, Biostratigraphy and Geologic History

Pennsylvanian sedimentary rocks in the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico, comprise an ~1 km thick stratigraphic section. The Morrowan-Desmoinesian Gobbler Formation was deposited by shallow marine processes in and near the Alamo clastic trough. In this trough, the Desmoinesian-Missourian Gray Mesa Formation (Bug Scuffle Member, Gobbler Formation) is a relatively thin unit (Space History Member) representing the glacioeustatic Amado event. The Missourian-Virgilian Beeman Formation includes the lower, siliciclastic Indian Wells Canyon Member and overlying, carbonate-rich Horse Ridge Member. The Virgilian Holder Formation consists of algal bioherms (Little Dry Canyon Member) overlain by the mixed carbonate-siliciclastic Mill Ridge Member. The Virgilian-Wolfcampian Bursum Formation is mixed siliciclastic-carbonate strata that represent shallow marine and nonmarine paleoenvironments. Animal and plant remains occur throughout the section. Unit age determinations are primarily based on conodont faunas recovered from the Gobbler, Gray Mesa, and Beeman Formations. Many conodont faunas correlate with Midcontinent cyclothems. Extensive algal and foraminiferal fossils also were identified in limestones from the section and contributed to age determinations. The Beeman Formation in particular contains an extensive Missourian macroflora. The macroflora is of “mixed” composition, containing typical wetland elements intimately intermixed with taxa indicative of seasonally dry habitats. A seasonally wet-dry background climate is indicated. It is unlikely that drought-tolerant plants were transported exclusively from “uplands.” Some plant remains have arthropod-feeding evidence. Previous analyses identified late Paleozoic ice-age glacioeustasy as the primary depositional driver of Pennsylvanian sedimentation in the Sacramento Mountains. We question this because of problems with those analyses and because of ample evidence of local tectonics and microclimate changes as important drivers of sedimentation in this area. Three Pennsylvanian Ancestral Rocky Mountain orogeny tectonic pulses can be identified in the Sacramento Mountains: Morrowan-Atokan, Missourian, and late Virgilian-Wolfcampian.

THE EFFECTS OF STOCKING DENSITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS

THREE trials were conducted to determine the optimum stocking density for broiler chickens raised in a tropical environment In Trial 1, 100,67, 50,40, 34 and 29 birds were placed in duplicates in each pen with an area of 3.72 M2 to give stocking densities of 0.037, 0.056, 0.074, 0.093, 0.10 and 0 128 M2 per bird respectively. In Trial 2, stocking densities of 0.046, 0056, 0.064, 0.074, 0.083 and 0.093 M2 per bird were compared. Trial 3 involved studying the effects of providing equal feeder space (5cm/bird) or equal number of similar sized feeders (2 feeders per pen) when birds were stocked at floor spaces of 0.056, 0.064, 0.74, 0.083 and 0.093 sq meter per bird. Results showed that weight gain and feed consumption decreased, while total meat yield and net income per unit area increased, with increase in stocking rates. Feed efficiency, mortality and carcass dressing percentages were not significantly affected by the stocking rates. The effects of stocking densities on the performance of the birds were not altered by equalizing the feeder space per bird or by providing equal number of feeders per unit space. Management problems in terms of wetness of litter, feeding and watering were encountered with stocking densities of 0.037, 0.046 and 0.056 M2/ bird. Stocking rates of 0.083, 0.093, 0.10 and 0.128 M2 were uneconomic and did not produce superior performances to stocking densities of 0.064 or 0.074 M2/bird. On the basis of the results, floor spaces of 0.064 or 0.074 M2 per bird may be recommended as the optimum for broiler chickens raised in the tropics. The feeder space at these optimum stocking rates need not be more than 5cm per bird.