Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome: prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and literature review

Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is a rare congenital anomaly involving the upper airways (trachea, larynx). It is a life-threatening condition whose true incidence is unknown. The obstruction may be due to tracheal/laryngeal atresia, stenosis, or the presence of a mass lesion. Prognosis is poor, generally resulting in stillbirth or intrauterine fetal demise. Ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) is possible if the condition is detected early. We present a case of CHAOS diagnosed during a second-trimester anomaly scan with postmortem confirmation and literature review.

Prenatal diagnosis of lung malformations and upper respiratory tract in fetuses with trisomy 21

The features of the development of the respiratory system in children with Down syndrome and related with that diseases of lungs and upper respiratory tract in children in early childhood are presented. Two cases of prenatal diagnosis of cystic adenomatous malformation type Ш and laryngeal atresia in fetuses with trisomy 21 are described.