Sawyer-type inequalities for Lorentz spaces

The Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator M satisfies the classical Sawyer-type estimate $$\begin{aligned} \left\| \frac{Mf}{v}\right\| _{L^{1,\infty }(uv)} \le C_{u,v} \Vert f \Vert _{L^{1}(u)}, \end{aligned}$$ Mf v L 1 , ∞ ( u v ) ≤ C u , v ‖ f ‖ L 1 ( u ) , where $$u\in A_1$$ u ∈ A 1 and $$uv\in A_{\infty }$$ u v ∈ A ∞ . We prove a novel extension of this result to the general restricted weak type case. That is, for $$p>1$$ p > 1 , $$u\in A_p^{{\mathcal {R}}}$$ u ∈ A p R , and $$uv^p \in A_\infty $$ u v p ∈ A ∞ , $$\begin{aligned} \left\| \frac{Mf}{v}\right\| _{L^{p,\infty }(uv^p)} \le C_{u,v} \Vert f \Vert _{L^{p,1}(u)}. \end{aligned}$$ Mf v L p , ∞ ( u v p ) ≤ C u , v ‖ f ‖ L p , 1 ( u ) . From these estimates, we deduce new weighted restricted weak type bounds and Sawyer-type inequalities for the m-fold product of Hardy-Littlewood maximal operators. We also present an innovative technique that allows us to transfer such estimates to a large class of multi-variable operators, including m-linear Calderón-Zygmund operators, avoiding the $$A_\infty $$ A ∞ extrapolation theorem and producing many estimates that have not appeared in the literature before. In particular, we obtain a new characterization of $$A_p^{{\mathcal {R}}}$$ A p R . Furthermore, we introduce the class of weights that characterizes the restricted weak type bounds for the multi(sub)linear maximal operator $${\mathcal {M}}$$ M , denoted by $$A_{\mathbf {P}}^{{\mathcal {R}}}$$ A P R , establish analogous bounds for sparse operators and m-linear Calderón-Zygmund operators, and study the corresponding multi-variable Sawyer-type inequalities for such operators and weights. Our results combine mixed restricted weak type norm inequalities, $$A_p^{{\mathcal {R}}}$$ A p R and $$A_{\mathbf {P}}^{{\mathcal {R}}}$$ A P R weights, and Lorentz spaces.

Data-Driven Corrections of Partial Lotka–Volterra Models

In many applications of interacting systems, we are only interested in the dynamic behavior of a subset of all possible active species. For example, this is true in combustion models (many transient chemical species are not of interest in a given reaction) and in epidemiological models (only certain subpopulations are consequential). Thus, it is common to use greatly reduced or partial models in which only the interactions among the species of interest are known. In this work, we explore the use of an embedded, sparse, and data-driven discrepancy operator to augment these partial interaction models. Preliminary results show that the model error caused by severe reductions—e.g., elimination of hundreds of terms—can be captured with sparse operators, built with only a small fraction of that number. The operator is embedded within the differential equations of the model, which allows the action of the operator to be interpretable. Moreover, it is constrained by available physical information and calibrated over many scenarios. These qualities of the discrepancy model—interpretability, physical consistency, and robustness to different scenarios—are intended to support reliable predictions under extrapolative conditions.

Global regularity estimates for non-divergence elliptic equations on weighted variable Lebesgue spaces

This paper is to prove global regularity estimates for solutions to the second-order elliptic equation in non-divergence form with BMO coefficients in a [Formula: see text] domain on weighted variable exponent Lebesgue spaces. Our approach is based on the representations for the solutions to the non-divergence elliptic equations and the domination technique by sparse operators in harmonic analysis.

Weighted estimates for the Calderón commutator

In this paper the authors consider the weighted estimates for the Calderón commutator defined by \mathcal{C}_{m+1, A}(a_1,\ldots,a_{m};f)(x)={\rm p. v.} \displaystyle\int_{\mathbb{R}}\displaystyle\frac{P_2(A; x, y)\prod\nolimits_{j=1}^m(A_j(x)-A_j(y))}{(x-y)^{m+2}}f(y){\rm d}y,with P2(A;x, y) = A(x) − A(y) − A′(y)(x − y) and A′ ∈ BMO(ℝ). Dominating this operator by multi(sub)linear sparse operators, the authors establish the weighted bounds from $L^{p_1}(\mathbb {R},w_1) \times \cdots \times L^{p_{m+1}}(\mathbb {R},w_{m+1})$ to $L^{p}(\mathbb {R},\nu _{\vec {\kern 1pt w}})$, with p1, …, pm+1 ∈ (1, ∞), 1/p = 1/p1 + · · · + 1/pm+1, and $\vec {\kern 1pt w}=(w_1, \ldots , w_{m+1})\in A_{\vec {P}}(\mathbb {R}^{m+1})$. The authors also obtain the weighted weak type endpoint estimates for $\mathcal {C}_{m+1, A}$.

WEIGHTED WEAK TYPE ENDPOINT ESTIMATES FOR THE COMPOSITIONS OF CALDERÓN–ZYGMUND OPERATORS

Let $T_{1}$, $T_{2}$ be two Calderón–Zygmund operators and $T_{1,b}$ be the commutator of $T_{1}$ with symbol $b\in \text{BMO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$. In this paper, by establishing new bilinear sparse dominations and a new weighted estimate for bilinear sparse operators, we prove that the composite operator $T_{1}T_{2}$ satisfies the following estimate: for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}>0$ and weight $w\in A_{1}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$, $$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle & & \displaystyle w(\{x\in \mathbb{R}^{n}:\,|T_{1}T_{2}f(x)|>\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}\})\nonumber\\ \displaystyle & & \displaystyle \qquad \lesssim [w]_{A_{1}}[w]_{A_{\infty }}\log (\text{e}+[w]_{A_{\infty }})\int _{\mathbb{R}^{n}}\frac{|f(x)|}{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\log \bigg(\text{e}+\frac{|f(x)|}{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\bigg)w(x)\,dx,\nonumber\end{eqnarray}$$ while the composite operator $T_{1,b}T_{2}$ satisfies $$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle & & \displaystyle w(\{x\in \mathbb{R}^{n}:\,|T_{1,b}T_{2}f(x)|>\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}\})\nonumber\\ \displaystyle & & \displaystyle \qquad \lesssim [w]_{A_{1}}[w]_{A_{\infty }}^{2}\log (\text{e}+[w]_{A_{\infty }})\int _{\mathbb{R}^{n}}\frac{|f(x)|}{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\log ^{2}\bigg(\text{e}+\frac{|f(x)|}{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\bigg)w(x)\,dx.\nonumber\end{eqnarray}$$