Economic evaluation of growing sweet pepper for processing

Важный критерий оценки гибрида или сорта, определяющий его конкурентоспособность, – экономическая эффективность выращивания в условиях товарного производства. Цель исследований – определить экономическую эффективность выращивания перспективного гибрида перца сладкого F1Тибет (селекция ФГБНУ «ФНЦ риса») в товарном овощеводстве по интенсивной технологии. Производственные испытания проводили в 2019–2020 годах в ООО «Агро-Союз» Крымского района Краснодарского края. Рассаду выращивали в пленочной теплице с обогревом. Высадку рассады на гряды проводили с 5 мая механизированно с одновременной укладкой капельной ленты и мульчирующей биоразлагаемой пленки. Схема посадки ленточная – 90+50/2×30 см. Количество растений на 1 га – 50 тыс. шт. Система минерального питания включала основное внесение комплексного удобрения – 700 кг/га азофоски и регулярных подкормок, в зависимости от фазы развития. В подкормки на 1 га за период вегетации вносили: кальциевую селитру – 300 кг, карбамид – 200 кг, аммиачную селитру – 200 кг, нитрат калия – 100 кг, сульфат калия – 100 кг, ортофосфат калия – 50 кг, ортофосфорную кислоту – 50 л. Система защиты от бактериальных болезней включала еженедельную обработку (до восьми раз за сезон) биофунгицидами: Фитолавином (0,5 л/га), Фитоспорином М (1 л/га) и Витопланом (0,1 кг/га). Полив проводили 1–2 раза в неделю согласно показаниям тензиометров, установленных на глубину 15 и 30 см. Убирали красные плоды два раза за сезон, в октябре получали дополнительный урожай зеленых плодов. Производственные испытания показали, что гибрид F1 Тибет раннего срока созревания создан для товарного производства и отвечает требованиям перерабатывающей промышленности. Гибрид показал высокий уровень рентабельности (89,5–106,3%) при сборе урожая в биологической спелости плодов. Результаты производственных испытаний также продемонстрировали высокую экономическую эффективность и востребованность гибрида и его аналогов в товарном овощеводстве по приемлемой цене гибридных семян (7,0–7,6% от общих затрат). An important criterion for evaluating a hybrid or variety that determines its competitiveness is the economic efficiency of cultivation in commercial production. The purpose of the research is to determine the economic efficiency of growing a promising hybrid of sweet pepper F1 Tibet (selection of FSBSI «Federal Rice Center») in commodity vegetable growing by intensive technology. Farm tests were carried out in 2019–2020 at Agro-Soyuz LLC in the Crimean district of Krasnodar region. Seedlings were grown in a film greenhouse with heating. Seeds were sown in cassettes No96 in the first decade of March. The planting of seedlings on the ridges was carried out mechanized with simultaneous laying of drip tape and mulching biodegradable film was carried out from May 5. The planting scheme is ribbon – 90+50/2×30 cm. The number of plants per 1 ha is 50 thousand units. The mineral nutrition system included the main application of complex fertilizer – 700 kg/ha of azofoska and regular top dressing, depending on the phase of development. During the growing season, calcium nitrate – 300 kg, carbamide – 200 kg, ammonium nitrate – 200 kg, potassium nitrate – 100 kg, potassium sulfate – 100 kg, potassium orthophosphate – 50 kg, orthophosphoric acid – 50 litre were added to the top dressing per 1 ha. The system of protection against bacterial diseases included weekly treatment (up to eight times per season) with biofungicides: Phytolavin (0.5 l/ha), Phytosporin M (1 l/ha) and Vitoplan (0.1 kg/ha). Watering was carried out 1–2 times a week, according to the indications of tensiometers installed at a depth of 15 and 30 cm. Red fruits were harvested twice a season, in October they received an additional harvest of green fruits. Farm tests have shown that the F1 Tibet hybrid of the early ripening period is created for commercial production and meets the requirements of the processing industry. The hybrid showed a high level of profitability (89.5–106.3%) when harvesting in biological ripeness of fruits. The results of farm tests also demonstrated the high economic efficiency and demand for hybrid and its analogues in commercial vegetable growing at an affordable price of hybrid seeds (7.0–7.6% of total costs).

Crystal structure of the deuterated heptahydrate of potassium phosphate, K3PO4·7D2O

Deuterated potassium orthophosphate heptahydrate, K3PO4·7D2O, crystallizes in the Sohnke space group P21, and its absolute structure was determined from 2017 Friedel pairs [Flack parameter 0.004 (16)]. Each of the three crystallographically unique K+ cations is surrounded by six water molecules and one oxygen atom from the orthophosphate group, using a threshold for K—O bonds of 3.10 Å. The highly irregular coordination polyhedra are linked by corner- and edge-sharing into a three-dimensional network that is consolidated by an intricate network of O—D...O hydrogen bonds of medium strength.

Effects of foliar application of potassium orthophosphate on grain yield and kernel quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) under terminal heat stress

A field experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) farm, Gazipur to evaluate the effect of foliar application of potassium orthophosphate on grain yield and kernel quality of wheat under the terminal heat stress imposed by late sowing for two consecutive years (2008-09 and 2009-10). Five combinations of foliar applications of potassium orthophosphate and Tilt were tested on three wheat varieties, namely Kanchan, Shatabdi, and Prodip. The result indicated that foliar application of potassium orthophosphate was effective in increasing SPAD value (Measure of leaf chlorophyll content) and leaf area of all the wheat varieties, whereas Tilt application was effective only in Kanchan. The grain size of wheat in terms of 1000-grain weight was improved and thereby contributed to grain yield. Also the foliar application of potassium orthophosphate decreased the number of immature, smaller and deformed kernel, and thus improved the kernel quality. Two foliar sprays of 0.1% potassium orthophosphate solution at 70 DAS (Days after sowing) and 80 DAS performed better results than other applications. There were varietal differences in response to foliar treatments and the variety Prodip and Shatabdi were more responsive to potassium orthophosphate compared to Kanchan. Potassium orthophosphate could be suggested to improve grain yield and kernel quality of wheat under terminal heat stress condition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20144 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 67-77, March 2014