scholarly journals Effects of foliar application of potassium orthophosphate on grain yield and kernel quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) under terminal heat stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Ataur Rahman ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MM Hasan ◽  
Farida Begum ◽  
MAZ Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Kernel Quality ◽  
Potassium Orthophosphate ◽  
Terminal Heat Stress

A field experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) farm, Gazipur to evaluate the effect of foliar application of potassium orthophosphate on grain yield and kernel quality of wheat under the terminal heat stress imposed by late sowing for two consecutive years (2008-09 and 2009-10). Five combinations of foliar applications of potassium orthophosphate and Tilt were tested on three wheat varieties, namely Kanchan, Shatabdi, and Prodip. The result indicated that foliar application of potassium orthophosphate was effective in increasing SPAD value (Measure of leaf chlorophyll content) and leaf area of all the wheat varieties, whereas Tilt application was effective only in Kanchan. The grain size of wheat in terms of 1000-grain weight was improved and thereby contributed to grain yield. Also the foliar application of potassium orthophosphate decreased the number of immature, smaller and deformed kernel, and thus improved the kernel quality. Two foliar sprays of 0.1% potassium orthophosphate solution at 70 DAS (Days after sowing) and 80 DAS performed better results than other applications. There were varietal differences in response to foliar treatments and the variety Prodip and Shatabdi were more responsive to potassium orthophosphate compared to Kanchan. Potassium orthophosphate could be suggested to improve grain yield and kernel quality of wheat under terminal heat stress condition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20144 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 67-77, March 2014

scholarly journals Improvement of antioxidant activities and yield of spring maize through seed priming and foliar application of plant growth regulators under heat stress conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ijaz Ahmad ◽  
Shehzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Allah Wasaya ◽  
Muhammad Ansar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Heat stress during reproductive and grain filling phases adversely affects the growth of cereals through reduction in grain’s number and size. However, exogenous application of antioxidants, plant growth regulators and osmoprotectants may be helpful to minimize these heat induced yield losses in cereals. This two year study was conducted to evaluate the role of exogenous application of ascorbic acid (AsA), salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) applied through seed priming or foliar spray on biochemical, physiological, morphological and yield related traits, grain yield and quality of late spring sown hybrid maize. The experiment was conducted in the spring season of 2007 and 2008. We observed that application of AsA, SA and H2O2 applied through seed priming or foliar spray improved the physiological, biochemical, morphological and yield related traits, grain yield and grain quality of late spring sown maize in both years. In both years, we observed higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity in the plants where AsA, SA and H2O2were applied through seed priming or foliar spray than control. Membrane stability index (MSI), relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, grain yield and grain oil contents were also improved by exogenous application of AsA, SA and H2O2 in both years. Seed priming of AsA, SA and H2O2was equally effective as the foliar application. In conclusion, seed priming with AsA, SA and H2O2 may be opted to lessen the heat induced yield losses in late sown spring hybrid maize. Heat tolerance induced by ASA, SA and H2O2 may be attributed to increase in antioxidant activities and MSI which maintained RWC and chlorophyll contents in maize resulting in better grain yield in heat stress conditions.

Effect of high temperature and drought on the composition of gluten proteins in Martonvásár wheat varieties

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Balla ◽  
M. Rakszegi ◽  
S. Bencze ◽  
I. Karsai ◽  
O. Veisz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Finding and improving wheat cultivars with good adaptability to abiotic stress is an important objective in breeding programmes. An experiment was set up in the climate chamber of the Martonvásár phytotron to test the effect of heat and drought stress on two winter wheat varieties and one variety of durum. Wheat plants exposed to 35°C and drought during grain filling exhibited altered agronomic and grain quality characteristics. Drought was found to have a much greater influence on yield and quality than heat stress. Reductions in the unextractable polymeric protein fraction and the glutenin-to-gliadin ratio indicated poorer grain yield quality as a result of drought, despite higher protein content. Quality deterioration was observed after drought, while heat stress had no noticeable influence on the protein quality of the three wheat genotypes, measured using size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC). The durum variety had a better ratio of protein components and a significantly higher Zeleny value when exposed to heat stress, although it had the lowest grain yield and grain/straw ratio.The most significant negative correlation was observed between the Zeleny value and the unextractable polymeric protein (UPP%) fraction after heat treatment and between the relative protein content and the albumin+globulin % (AG%) in the case of drought. These correlations testify that these parameters play an important role in determining the baking quality of wheat flour.

Analysis of genotypic variation for normalized difference vegetation index and its relationship with grain yield in winter wheat under terminal heat stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnoza Hazratkulova ◽  
Ram C. Sharma ◽  
Safar Alikulov ◽  
Sarvar Islomov ◽  
Tulkin Yuldashev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Terminal Heat Stress

Influence of previous crops on the productivity of winter wheat varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
A. A. Makarov ◽  
N. I. Mamsirov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

In order to realize the maximum potential parameters of winter wheat productivity, it is necessary, first of all, to use high-yielding varieties with optimal quality indicators of grain, as well as progressive agricultural technologies aimed at obtaining a stable crop yield. Winter wheat places high demands on its previous crops. Insufficient amount of productive moisture in the soil or its extremely low reserves affects the yield, and consequently, the quality of winter wheat grain according to unpaired predecessors. Moreover, dry autumn during the sowing period leads to its delay, which is the reason for obtaining uneven and weak seedlings. In this regard, studies have been carried out to study and assess the influence of predecessors on the agrocenosis, yield and grain quality of promising varieties of Adel, Grom, Tanya winter wheat. According to the experimental scheme, peas, corn for silage and sunflower have been identified as the preceding crops for winter wheat. Agrotechnology in experience is generally accepted for the foothill zone of the Republic of Adygea. The results of the research made it possible to identify the most optimal of the considered predecessors in the cultivation of winter wheat, capable of providing stable yields with high quality grain. Certain differences in the photosynthetic activity of the studied winter wheat varieties for different predecessors have been noted. It has been found that the leaf area of winter wheat varieties is in the range of 30,0–33,5 thousand m2/ha. The highest dry matter content in the range of 4,9–5,0 t/ha is observed in the Grom variety, and the predecessor is peas. The largest number of grains in an ear for three previous crops is 40–43 pcs / ear for peas. It also had a fairly significant effect on the weight of 1000 grains and the grain yield of winter wheat. For example, the weight of 1000 grains of the most productive Thunder variety varied from 40,1 to 41,6 gm, depending on the previous crop. According to the results of the experiments, the highest grain yield of winter wheat within the range of 5,3 t/ha has been noted for the Grom variety when cultivated for peas. The smallest grain yield in the range of 3,8–3,9 t/ha is typical for all studied varieties of winter wheat, namely, according to the cultivated predecessor – sunflower.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF VERMIWASH ON GROWTH AND QUALITY OF BRINJAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
M. Yasmin ◽  
M.S. Rahman ◽  
M.A. Rahman ◽  
F.S. Shikha ◽  
M.K. Alam
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Water Control

The experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Jamalpur, Bangladesh during the period of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 to investigate the effect of vermiwash on growth, yield and quality of brinjal and to find out suitable foliar dose of vermiwash for optimizing the yield of brinjal. There were five treatments comprising T1= Chemical fertilizer (CF) + foliar spray of distilled water (control), T2 = CF + foliar spray of 10% vermiwash, T3 = CF + foliar spray of 20% vermiwash, T4 = CF + foliar spray of 30% vermiwash and T5= CF + foliar spray of 40% vermiwash. Results revealed that, vermiwash treated brinjal plants showed better growth and yield parameters than the control plants. The highest average brinjal fruit yield (29.99 t ha-1) was found in T3 treatment i.e., foliar spray of 20% concentration of vermiwash and the lowest (26.35 t ha-1) came from control. On the other hand, nutritional quality (moisture content, TSS, β carotene and nutrient content) were seen to be higher in vermiwash treated treatment compared to control treatment. The study suggests that, 20% concentration of vermiwash could be used as effective foliar spray for eco-friendly and higher yield of brinjal.

scholarly journals Genetic variations, heritability, heat tolerance indices and correlations studies for traits of bread wheat genotypes under high temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 672-686
Author(s):  
Elfadil Mohamed Elbashier ◽  
Elfadil Mohammed Eltayeb Elbashier ◽  
Siddig Esa Idris2 ◽  
Wuletaw Tadesse ◽  
Izzat S.A. Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Tolerance Indices

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to study the genetic variability, heritability, heat tolerance indices and phenotypic and genotypic correlation studies for traits of 250 elite International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) bread wheat genotypes under high temperature in Wad Medani, Center in Sudan.Design/methodology/approachBread wheat is an important food on a global level and is used in the form of different products. High temperature associated with climate change is considered to be a detrimental stress in the future on world wheat production. A total of 10,250 bread wheat genotypes selected from different advanced yield trials introduction from ICARDA and three checks including were grown in two sowing dates (SODs) (1st and 2nd) 1st SOD heat stress and 2nd SOD non-stress at the Gezira Research Farm, of the Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani, Sudan.FindingsAn alpha lattice design with two replications was used to assess the presence of phenotypic and genotypic variations of different traits, indices for heat stress and heat tolerance for 20 top genotypes and phenotypic and genotypic correlations. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the characters. A wide range, 944-4,016 kg/ha in the first SOD and 1,192-5,120 kg/ha in the second SOD, was found in grain yield. The average yield on the first SOD is less than that of the secondnd SOD by 717.7 kg/ha, as the maximum and minimum temperatures were reduced by 3ºC each in the second SOD when compared to the first SOD of the critical stage of crop growth shown.Research limitations/implicationsSimilar wide ranges were found in all morpho-physiological traits studied. High heritability in a broad sense was estimated for days to heading and maturity. Moderate heritability estimates found for grain yield ranged from 44 to 63.6 per cent, biomass ranged from 37.8 to 49.1 per cent and canopy temperature (CT) after heading ranged from 44.2 to 48 per cent for the first and secondnd SODs. The top 20 genotypes are better than the better check in the two sowing dates and seven genotypes (248, 139, 143, 27, 67, 192 and 152) were produced high grain yield under both 1st SOD and 2nd SOD.Practical implicationsThe same genotypes in addition to Imam (check) showed smaller tolerance (TOL) values, indicating that these genotypes had a smaller yield reduction under heat-stressed conditions and that they showed a higher heat stress susceptibility index (SSI). A smaller TOL and a higher SSI are favored. Both phenotypic and genotypic correlations of grain yield were positively and significantly correlated with biomass, harvest index, number of spikes/m2, number of seeds/spike and days to heading and maturity in both SODs and negatively and significantly correlated with canopy temperature before and after heading in both SODs.Originality/valueGenetic variations, heritability, heat tolerance indices and correlation studies for traits of bread wheat genotypes under high temperature

scholarly journals Effect of late-season nitrogen fertilization on grain yield and on flour rheological quality and stability in common wheat, under different production situations

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Blandino ◽  
Federico Marinaccio ◽  
Amedeo Reyneri
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
N Application ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Technological Quality

The increasing demand for a high and homogeneous technological quality of common wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) points out the necessity of improving wheat with by a higher protein (GPC) and gluten content, strength of dough (W) and dough stability. Among the current crop practices, late-season nitrogen (N) fertilization, from heading to flowering, is generally considered the practice that has the most effects on the storage proteins and technological quality of the grain. In order to explore the influence late-season N application can have on the dough properties and on the formation of homogeneous lots in more detail, a research was set up between 2007 and 2013, over 6 growing seasons at different sites in North West Italy using the Bologna cultivar in each of the trials. Three different late-season N fertilization strategies were compared: T1, control without a late distribution of N; T2, foliar N fertilization at flowering; T3, top-dress granular soil fertilization at the beginning of heading. A randomized complete block experimental design with four replicates was adopted. The grain yield, GPC, W and P/L indexes were analyzed. Moreover, the rheological and enzymatic properties of the samples were studied using a Mixolab® analyser (Chòpin Technologies, Paris, France). Grain yield was found to be unaffected by the fertilization treatments, while the late N application (T2, T3) significantly increased GPC. Only the granular N fertilization (T3) increased the W index compared to T1, while the P/L index was not affected by any of the fertilization strategies. Furthermore, the T3 strategy was always more effective in reducing the variability of the W index than the T2 and the T1 strategies. Water absorption and dough development time were higher in T3, than in T1, while intermediate results were reached for T2. The effect of late-season N fertilization was also significant on the starch behaviour of the dough, as an increase in starch gelatinization and retrogradation was observed. In short, the top-dress granular N fertilizer applied at the beginning of heading (T3) led to a more constant increase in GPC and flour rheological quality than the foliar application. Moreover, the adoption of this fertilization strategy resulted in a reduction in qualitative variability under different environmental and soil conditions.

scholarly journals Analysis of grain yield and flour quality of some winter wheat varieties in the 2020 production

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 253-262
Author(s):  
Nenad Đurić ◽  
Vojin Cvijanović ◽  
Dobrivoj Poštić ◽  
Gordana Branković ◽  
Vera Rajičić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Flour Quality ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Pšenica, je tijekom cijele ljudske civilizacije bila bazni i vitalni sastojak svakodnevne ishrane ljudi i domaćih životinja. U Republici Srbiji posljednjih nekoliko godina izražena je traženost sorti pšenice, koje pored visokog i stabilnog prinosa imaju i dobre parametre kvalitete brašna. U provedenim istraživanjima u 2019/2020. godini sorta s najstabilnijim prinosom i dobrom kvalitetom zrna pokazala se sorta Nogal. Ova sorta ima visok sadržaj kvalitetnih proteina, a analogno tome je i visok sadržaj glutena, ali i kvaliteta, što su potvrdila reološka mjerenja. Ostvareni visoki prinosi zrna ispitivanih sorata pšenice jesu rezultat interakcije genetičkog potencijala ispitivanih sorata pšenice i primjene dobre agrotehnike u uvjetima kada raspored padalina u tijeku vegetacijske sezone, od momenta sjetve, pa do žetve nije pogodovao proizvodnji pšenice. Istraživanja su pokazala da se sorte Talas, Pobeda i Nogal mogu svrstati u kvalitetnu grupu A2, odnosno to su sorte dobre kvalitete brašna i hljeba i kao takve spadaju u grupu poboljšivača. Sorte Merkur, Imperija, Ratarica i Vizantija svrstane su u kvalitetnu grupu B1 tj. one su dobre hljebne sorte. Sorta NS 40 S svrstana je u kvalitetnu grupu B2.

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