Optimasi peningkatan kualitas air sumur gali melalui penggunaan tawas (Aluminium Potassium Sulfate) terhadap Escherichia coli

Background: well water provide water that comes from a layer of soil that is relatively close to the ground surface, therefore it is easily exposed to contamination through seepage. In general, seepage comes from human excreta, latrines or latrines and animals, as well as from well waste itself, either because the floor or the sewerage are not impermeable to water. The condition of construction and the way the well water is drawn can also be a source of contamination, for example wells with open construction and drawing water with a bucket. One of the fecal contamination bacteria found in well water is Escherichia coli. Alum (Aluminum sulfate) is one of anti-microbial.Objective: To determine the effect of alum with concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% on the amount of Escherichia coli in well waterMethod: explanatory research (explanatory research) which is to explain the relationship between variables through comparison and hypothesis testing, using a quasi experimental design method with the experimental design used in this study is Completely Randomized Design with 3 repetitions.Results: The results of the ANOVA test on the content of E. coli with various concentrations obtained a P value of 0.000 an alpha value of 0.05, indicating that there was a significant difference in the observed concentrations.Conclusion: Alum with concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% affected the number of Escherichia coli in well water. The higher the concentration of alum, the better in inhibiting the growth of E.coli bacteria in well water.Conclusion: Alum with concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% affected the number of Escherichia coli in well water. The higher the concentration of alum, the better in inhibiting the growth of E.coli bacteria in well water.

Potassium-Induced Drought Tolerance of Potato by Improving Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Attributes

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the third and fourth most important tuberous crop in terms of human consumption and production, respectively. However, its growth and development are affected by drought, which is an emerging threat to agriculture especially in arid and semiarid areas. Potassium (K) is a well-known macronutrient that improves the performance of crops under drought. Therefore, the present study was enacted with the aim of evaluating the impact of K fertilizer on potato crop growth, productivity, and drought tolerance under full root irrigation (FRI) and partial root irrigation (PRI) conditions. Two potato cultivars (Lady Rosetta and Hermes) were grown under normal field conditions followed by FRI and PRI applications. Potassium sulfate was applied in three doses (T0 = 50 kg·ha−1, T1 = 75 kg·ha−1, and T2 = 100 kg·ha−1). The experiment was laid out under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement. The main plot was allocated to irrigation, along with a subplot to potassium and a sub-subplot to potato cultivars. The results indicated that K application significantly improved the plant growth and yield by exhibiting better performance in morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes under FRI and PRI conditions; however, a more remarkable change was noticed under PRI compared with FRI. K application alleviated drought stress regardless of cultivars. This study suggests that K application at the rate of 100 kg·ha−1 is an effective approach for inducing drought tolerance in potato crops.

Potassium Sulfate: A New Candidate to Explore Non-Photochemical Laser-Induced Nucleation Mechanisms

In this paper, we report a study on the nucleation behavior of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) from aqueous solutions under the influence of unfocused nanosecond laser pulses. The objective is to contribute to the general understanding of the Non-Photochemical Laser-Induced Nucleation (NPLIN) mechanism. First, the influence of several parameters such as supersaturation as well as laser parameters (pulse energy, number of pulses, and laser polarization) on induction time, probability of nucleation and mean number of crystals in comparison with spontaneous nucleation was investigated. Then, we examined the influence of gas composition (i.e., degassing and gas bubbling (CO2 and N2)) of the supersaturated solutions on the NPLIN kinetics, showing no correlation between gas content (or nature) on the crystallization behavior. Our study questions the role of impurities within the solution regarding the mechanism of laser-induced nucleation.

Fluorescence Recognition of Anions Using a Heteroditopic Receptor: Homogenous and Two-Phase Sensing

In contrast to monotopic receptor 3, the anthracene functionalized squaramide dual-host receptor 1 is capable of selectively extracting sulfate salts, as was evidenced unambiguously by DOSY, mass spectrometry, fluorescent and ion chromatography measurements. The receptors were investigated in terms of anion and ion pair binding using the UV–vis and 1H NMR titrations method in acetonitrile. The reference anion receptor 3, lacking a crown ether unit, was found to lose the enhancement in anion binding induced by the presence of cations. Besides the ability to bind anions in an enhanced manner exhibited by ion pair receptors 2 and 4, changing the 1-aminoanthracene substituent resulted in their exhibiting a lower anion affinity than receptor 1. By using receptor 1 and adjusting the water content in organic phase it was possible to selectively detect sulfates both by “turn-off” and “turn-on” fluorescence, and to do so homogenously and under interfacial conditions. Such properties of receptor 1 have allowed the development of a new type of sensor capable of recognizing and extracting potassium sulfate from the aqueous medium across a phase boundary, resulting in an appropriate fluorescent response in the organic solution.

Economic evaluation of growing sweet pepper for processing

Важный критерий оценки гибрида или сорта, определяющий его конкурентоспособность, – экономическая эффективность выращивания в условиях товарного производства. Цель исследований – определить экономическую эффективность выращивания перспективного гибрида перца сладкого F1Тибет (селекция ФГБНУ «ФНЦ риса») в товарном овощеводстве по интенсивной технологии. Производственные испытания проводили в 2019–2020 годах в ООО «Агро-Союз» Крымского района Краснодарского края. Рассаду выращивали в пленочной теплице с обогревом. Высадку рассады на гряды проводили с 5 мая механизированно с одновременной укладкой капельной ленты и мульчирующей биоразлагаемой пленки. Схема посадки ленточная – 90+50/2×30 см. Количество растений на 1 га – 50 тыс. шт. Система минерального питания включала основное внесение комплексного удобрения – 700 кг/га азофоски и регулярных подкормок, в зависимости от фазы развития. В подкормки на 1 га за период вегетации вносили: кальциевую селитру – 300 кг, карбамид – 200 кг, аммиачную селитру – 200 кг, нитрат калия – 100 кг, сульфат калия – 100 кг, ортофосфат калия – 50 кг, ортофосфорную кислоту – 50 л. Система защиты от бактериальных болезней включала еженедельную обработку (до восьми раз за сезон) биофунгицидами: Фитолавином (0,5 л/га), Фитоспорином М (1 л/га) и Витопланом (0,1 кг/га). Полив проводили 1–2 раза в неделю согласно показаниям тензиометров, установленных на глубину 15 и 30 см. Убирали красные плоды два раза за сезон, в октябре получали дополнительный урожай зеленых плодов. Производственные испытания показали, что гибрид F1 Тибет раннего срока созревания создан для товарного производства и отвечает требованиям перерабатывающей промышленности. Гибрид показал высокий уровень рентабельности (89,5–106,3%) при сборе урожая в биологической спелости плодов. Результаты производственных испытаний также продемонстрировали высокую экономическую эффективность и востребованность гибрида и его аналогов в товарном овощеводстве по приемлемой цене гибридных семян (7,0–7,6% от общих затрат). An important criterion for evaluating a hybrid or variety that determines its competitiveness is the economic efficiency of cultivation in commercial production. The purpose of the research is to determine the economic efficiency of growing a promising hybrid of sweet pepper F1 Tibet (selection of FSBSI «Federal Rice Center») in commodity vegetable growing by intensive technology. Farm tests were carried out in 2019–2020 at Agro-Soyuz LLC in the Crimean district of Krasnodar region. Seedlings were grown in a film greenhouse with heating. Seeds were sown in cassettes No96 in the first decade of March. The planting of seedlings on the ridges was carried out mechanized with simultaneous laying of drip tape and mulching biodegradable film was carried out from May 5. The planting scheme is ribbon – 90+50/2×30 cm. The number of plants per 1 ha is 50 thousand units. The mineral nutrition system included the main application of complex fertilizer – 700 kg/ha of azofoska and regular top dressing, depending on the phase of development. During the growing season, calcium nitrate – 300 kg, carbamide – 200 kg, ammonium nitrate – 200 kg, potassium nitrate – 100 kg, potassium sulfate – 100 kg, potassium orthophosphate – 50 kg, orthophosphoric acid – 50 litre were added to the top dressing per 1 ha. The system of protection against bacterial diseases included weekly treatment (up to eight times per season) with biofungicides: Phytolavin (0.5 l/ha), Phytosporin M (1 l/ha) and Vitoplan (0.1 kg/ha). Watering was carried out 1–2 times a week, according to the indications of tensiometers installed at a depth of 15 and 30 cm. Red fruits were harvested twice a season, in October they received an additional harvest of green fruits. Farm tests have shown that the F1 Tibet hybrid of the early ripening period is created for commercial production and meets the requirements of the processing industry. The hybrid showed a high level of profitability (89.5–106.3%) when harvesting in biological ripeness of fruits. The results of farm tests also demonstrated the high economic efficiency and demand for hybrid and its analogues in commercial vegetable growing at an affordable price of hybrid seeds (7.0–7.6% of total costs).

Dependence of productivity of white lupine seeds on the foliar dressing with macro- and micronutrient fertilizers

The paper presents the results of the studies on the determination of the effect of foliar dressings with macro- and micronutrient fertilizers on linear growth, the mass of air-dry matter of plants, leaf surface, the formation of a symbiotic apparatus and the yield of seeds of white lupine (Lupinualbus L.) in the conditions of black soils of the Central Black Earth region of the Russian Federation. The field experiments were carried out in 2018-2020 at the Department of Crop production, Breeding and Horticulture of Belgorod State Agrarian University. The object of the research is a high-intensity variety of white Degas lupine. The subject of the research is microfertilizer Aquamix-TV, potassium sulfate fertilizer (K2SO4), phosphate-potassium monophosphate fertilizer (KH2PO4). The weather during the years of the experiments was hot and dry. During the critical periods of the development of lupine plants, a moisture deficit was observed with the excess of heat. The soil cover of the experimental site was represented by a typical medium-thick low-humus heavy loamy black soil with a granulometric composition. The accounting area of the plot was 18 m2, the replication was fourfold and the placement was systematic. The experiment included six variants: control (without fertilizers), foliar dressing with Aquamix-TV micronutrient fertilizer, foliar dressing with potassium sulfate solution, foliar dressing with potassium monophosphate solution, foliar dressing with Aquamix-TV + potassium sulfate mixture and foliar dressing with Aquamix-TV + monophosphate mixture potassium. The analysis of the obtained data showed that the highest yield of seeds of white lupine variety Dega was obtained on variants with foliar dressing with micronutrient fertilizer Aquamix-TV in combination with potassium sulfate and monopotassium phosphate, which amounted to 3.52 and 3.51 t / ha, respectively, which is 0.52 and 0.51 t / ha or 17.3 and 17.1% more than the control variant.

Effect of Some Nutritional Factors on The Growth and Yield of Apple cv. Ibrahimi

The field experiment was carried out during the planting season of 2020 in one of the private sector orchards in the Saqlawiya sub-district of Fallujah district to study the effect of foliar spraying with zinc, boron and potassium on some vegetative growth traits and the yield of apples of CV. Ibrahimi, the first factor is represented by spraying with boric acid H3BO3 at a Concentrations of (0, 1) g. L-1, mentioned as B0, B1, and the second factor consisted of spraying with zinc sulfate ZnSO4 at a concentrations of( 0, 3) g. L-1 mentioned as Z0, Z1 and the third factor is spraying with potassium sulfate K2SO4 at concentrations (0, 2.5, 5) g. L-1 mentioned asK0-K1, K2 respectively. The results showed that the effect of spraying with the study factors led to a significant increase in most of the studied traits represented by (the area of one leaf, the total chlorophyll content of the leaves, the percentage of carbohydrates in the branches, the percentage of fallen fruits, the yield of one tree, the average weight of the fruit, the percentage of total sugars in the fruits, and the content of the fruits of vitamin C) reached ( 27.81 cm2, 82.67mg100g-1, 14.37%, 30.74%, 27.98kg.tree-1, 45.13g, 8.57%, 4.87 mg100g-1) sequentially.

Dyeing of Agro-Waste Castor Fibres with Eclipta Prostrata Dye

Fiber extracted from castor plant is a bast fiber like hemp, jute, flax and kenaf. Based on the chemical constitutes; physical and chemical properties of these eco-friendly fibers extracted from agro waste are used in making different materials like union fabrics and reinforcement materials. In the present study, castor fiber was dyed with Eclipta prostrata plant extract and evaluated for colorfastness and color strength properties. The colorfastness properties of castor fiber dyed with pre, simultaneous and post-mordanting methods using four mordants aluminum potassium sulfate (commonly called alum) (KAI(SO4)2 .12H2O),stannous Chloride (SnCl2), copper sulfate (CuSO4) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) were tested. The colorfastness to light, wash, crock and perspiration was found to be good for CuSO4 and FeSO4 dyed fibers. Color strength properties for the samples were also assessed and found to be good.