A sacrococcygeal teratoma-a rare entity among adult males: a case report and review of literature

Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is derived from embryonic germ cell layers and is one of the commonest tumours in infants. It is the most commonly occurring solid congenital tumours in the foetus and the new born. It is very rare in adults with less than a hundred cases documented in literature, with even rarer cases of male presentation. We report a case of a 26-year-old adult male presenting with a sacrococcygeal teratoma who was treated in our hospital along with its literature review.

Management of oropharyngeal teratoma: Two case reports and a literature review

Pharyngeal teratomas are very rare congenital tumours derived from pluripotent stem cells. Surgical resection is the main treatment to avoid breathing and feeding difficulties. This current case report describes two newborn infants with congenital oropharyngeal teratomas. In one of the infants, the tumour presented along with a cleft tongue and cleft palate. Prenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography did not identify the tumours because the masses were small and there was no polyhydramnios. Both cases were treated surgically and histological examination of the masses in both cases confirmed the diagnosis of a congenital epignathus. There were no complications such as infection, bleeding or residual recurrence following surgery. After 1-year follow-up, there was no recurrence of the epignathus in either case. Oropharyngeal teratoma is a very rare congenital tumour that may cause upper airway obstruction and feeding difficulties in the newborn, so it should be treated surgically in a timely manner.

Posterior Fossa Intradiploic Epidermoid Cyst: A Case Report

Epidermoid cysts are rare, benign congenital tumours of ectodermal origin which typically present between the third to fifth decade. These tumours comprise approximately 0.2-1.8% of all intracranial tumours. Though these pearly tumours are potentially curable, subtotal resection may lead to catastrophic complications such as recurrence, granulomatous meningitis and carcinomatous degeneration of cyst wall. We herein report the case of a 36-year-old man who presented with an unusual mixed density posterior fossa epidermoid cyst on imaging studies. Total removal not only cures both tumour and seizure attack in this case but also preserves patient’s neurological function.

A case of an asymptomatic sacrococcygeal teratoma diagnosed in adulthood

Sacrococcygeal teratomas are rare congenital tumours that are even more uncommon when present in adulthood. They are derived from residual stem cells in the presacral space that differentiate into clusters of somatic cell. We present the diagnosis, management and post-operative follow-up in a 37-year-old gentleman referred to our department with an incidental finding of a lobulated presacral cystic mass on computed tomography imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) scans were performed to further characterize the lesion. The decision was then made for surgical excision and the specimen along with the coccyx was retrieved en-bloc via a trans-sacral surgical approach. Histopathology of the mass uncovered the presence of squamous, respiratory and prostatic epithelium consistent with the diagnosis of a sacrococcygeal teratoma.

Congenital intradural melanoma surrounding the spinal cord of a nine-day-old Saanen goat

A nine-day-old Saanen kid presented for progressive hind limb paresis since birth. Euthanasia was elected, and on postmortem examination a large, pigmented mass was present in the vertebral canal surrounding the lumbosacral and caudal thoracic spinal cord. Histopathology revealed a homogeneous population of round to spindle neoplastic cells containing finely granular pigment consistent with a melanoma. This diagnosis was further supported by a Fontana-Masson stain and immunohistochemistry for PNL2, MelanA and SOX10. The tumour presumably arose from melanocytes or melanocytic precursors within the meninges of the lumbosacral spinal cord. No evidence of neoplasia was seen elsewhere in the body; therefore, the meningeal melanoma likely represents the primary tumour. Goats develop neoplasms less frequently than other species, and reports of congenital tumours in goats are rare.

A Rare Case of Solitary Giant Congenital Juvenile Xanthogranuloma: A Case Report

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is the most frequent form of non–Langerhans cell histiocytosis. We present a case of giant congenital JXG in a 7-week-old boy, who had a firm and incompressible lesion, measuring 3 × 4 cm in diameter, on his right flank. The clinical appearance of the lesion and the ultrasound results suggested a vascular tumor, such as a hemangioma. Histology confirmed a JXG, although there was an absence of Touton cells, which are usually pathognomonic of JXG. In light of these findings, it would be important to include JXG in the differential diagnosis of congenital tumours, particularly vascular lesions.