Determination of the use of whey and propolis on some growth characteristics, on blood values and diarhea of the goat kids

This study was conducted to obtain an alternative more economical and healthier milk substitute feed by adding whey powder and propolis to cow's milk in goat kid rearing. 40 Saanen goat kids born in the same period and were divided into 4 groups 7 days after thei birth. The kids were divided into 4 groups 10 by 10 into control group (CG) who were kept together with their mothers and into experimental groups 1-2-3 (EG1,EG2, EG3) who were kept in seperate sections. Kids in all three experimental groups were fed only with the formula (cow milk+whey powder+water). In the EG2 and EG3, the kids were given 0. 4 cc and 0. 2 cc propolis respectively in addiditon of the formula once a day. Some growth and development parameters and rectal temperatures of the kids were measured once a week and morning and evening diarrhea scorings were taken in all groups. Some biochemical and hematological analyzes were performed. According to all the results obtained, the differences in the body temperatures and in the glucose and urea values among the groups were found to be significant and the other characteristics were statistically significant (P<0.05). The insignificant difference between the average growth and development parameters of the kids in the CGs in the CG was an important finding in growing kids more economically and reserving the goat milk for more profitable procedures. According to the diarrhea scores, it was observed that propolis was effective on diarrhea and it was concluded that it could be used in growing kids as a preventive measure. Feeding kids with the formula was found more economical than feeding them with mother-milk. As a result of this study, it could be suggested that the use of milk replacers containing whey and propolis will positively affect the growth, the development and the health of the goat’s kids.

Metastatic melanoma in a Saanen goat: clinical, ultrasonographic and anatomopathological aspects - case report

ABSTRACT This report describes clinical, ultrasonographic and anatomopathological findings in a case of metastatic melanoma in an adult Saanen goat. Clinically, the goat had apathy, an intra-abdominal palpable firm structure, and exophytic keratinized areas on the skin of the udder. Ultrasound revealed non-encapsulated oval structures, with heterogeneous echogenicity and marked central and peripheral vascularization, and hypoechoic hepatic multifocal to coalescent areas. In the udder, there were non-encapsulated oval structures with heterogeneous echogenicity and hyperechoic center surrounded by hypoechogenic tissue. Grossly, there were black multifocal to coalescent areas in the liver, as well as black nodules in mammary and mesenteric lymph nodes, uterus, spleen, and myocardium. Microscopically, multifocal melanocytic neoplastic proliferation was observed in the dermis and junction of the udder epidermis. Most of the neoplastic cells had cytoplasmic granules of melanin. In the liver there were areas of neoplastic tissue compressing the adjacent parenchyma, with central foci of necrosis, mild desmoplasia, and multifocal infiltration of malignant cells into the adjacent tissues. Similar findings were observed in the mammary and mesenteric lymph nodes, uterus, spleen, and myocardium, which characterized metastatic melanoma. Ultrasonography played a key role for establishing the diagnosis of a metastatic melanoma and helped establish a proper clinical management protocol.

Determination of Some Growth Characteristics and Some Blood Values of The Goat Kids Fed with the Feed Containing Whey and Propolis

In this study, it was aimed to obtain an alternative, more economical and preferable milk substitute feed by adding whey powder to cow's milk in kid rearing and to determine the effect of propolis supplement on this diet. 40 Saanen goat kids born in the same period were divided into 4 groups, on average 7 days after taking colostrum, and while the 10 kids in the control group were kept together with their mothers. the kids in the other three groups, 10 heads in each one, were taken into seperate sections. Kids in all three experimental groups were fed only formula. In addition to the feed, 0.4 cc and 0.2 cc propolis were given to the kids in the second and third experimental groups, respectively, once a day. Some growth and development parameters and rectal temperature were measured once a week for 5 weeks from all groups and morning and evening diarrhea scoring was done. Some biochemical and hematological analyzes were performed. According to all the results obtained, the differences between the groups were found to be significant in terms of body temperature, glucose and urea evaluations, and the differences within the group in other characteristics were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The insignificant difference between the average growth and development parameters of the kids in the groups fed with the formula and the average of the kids in the control group is an important result in terms of growing kids economically and bringing goat's milk to the economy. According to the diarrhea scores, it has been observed that propolis is effective on diarrhea and can be used in growing kids as a preventive measure. Feeding kids with the formula was found more economical than feeding their mother's milk. As a result of this study, it can be said that the use of milk replacers containing whey and propolis will positively affect the growth, development and health of the kid.

Chemical composition and fatty acid profile of Alpine and Saanen goat milk from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Interest in the production and sale of goat milk products has been growing over the past 20 years. The chemical composition of goat milk, which greatly affects its nutritional and therapeutic value, makes its products more acceptable to consumers. The aim of this study was to compare the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of Alpine and Saanen goat milk. The results showed that there were differences in certain chemical components between the milk of these two breeds. Protein, fat and ash content in Alpine goat milk was 4.53 g/100 g, 4.65 g/100 g and 0.94 g/100 g, respectively, and these values were higher than in Saanen goat milk (3.64 g/100 g, 3.20 g/100 g and 0.88 g/100 g, respectively). Differences in the fatty acid profile were also observed. Despite being kept under different breeding regimes, no statistically significant differences were observed in the total saturated fatty acids (SFA) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) between breeds. Although there was no difference in total SFA content, there was less palmitic acid (C16:0), as the predominant fatty acid in goat milk, in Alpine (26.94 g/100 g of fat) than in Saanen goat milk (28.60 g/100 g of fat). Unlike SFA and PUFA content, differences were observed in total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), with 22.8 g/100 g of fat in Alpine goat milk and 24.0 g/100 g of fat in Saanen goat milk. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the implemented breeding regimes in different geographical areas with different pasture, together with genetic factors of breeds, greatly affect the goat milk chemical composition and fatty acid profile.