Contrast Agent Mimicking Calculi in Entrapped Calyx. A Report of a Case

Urolithiasis is a common condition, and it represents a large number of hospital visits. Under the term infundibulopelvic dysgenesis, many conditions amongst a spectrum of congenital disorders of the pelvicalyceal system are described. Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is an effective and safe treatment modality in the management of urinary system stone disease. Fluoroscopic imaging is a cornerstone in endourology. Herein, we present a case where we diagnosed an obstructed calyx during RIRS for renal calculi and operated on it. In this extraordinary case, contrast agent was trapped in the calyx mimicking a renal stone and that was the reason that we discovered the infundibular stenosis. The patient, 24 h after the operation, left the hospital without any complications reported.

Adult Nigerian with Untreated Pentalogy of Fallot: A Case Report

Pentalogy of Fallot is a congenital cardiac defect comprising infundibular stenosis of the pulmonary artery, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy and atrial septal defect. It is one of the most common cyanotic congenital heart defects with detrimental consequences if left untreated. We present the case of a 25-year-old female artisan and stroke survivor who was admitted with episodes of recurrent dizziness. She was diagnosed with the pentalogy of Fallot after echocardiography and awaiting cardiac repair surgery.

Triple Outlet Right Ventricle, With Duplication of the Aortic Root and Intrapericardial Ascending Aorta

We present a case of a highly unusual congenital cardiac malformation, namely, triple outlet right ventricle with duplication of the aortic root and the intrapericardial component of the ascending aorta. A girl, aged five, presented with complaints of cyanosis and effort intolerance and was diagnosed with double-outlet right ventricle and subpulmonary infundibular stenosis. Intraoperatively, we noted that the aortic root was guarded by two separate aortic valves, oriented anteroposteriorly relative to each other, and separated within the right ventricle by a muscle bar. Postoperative interrogation by both echocardiography and computed tomography confirmed the surgical findings. To the best of our knowledge, our case is the first example of duplication of the aortic root to produce triple outlet right ventricle.

Retrograde intrarenal surgery

Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), also known as flexible ureterorenoscopy (fURS) is an effective and safe method for the management of intrarenal stones. Its use has increased in recent years with several reports showing stone-free rates as high as shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for intrarenal stones. This improvement in efficacy of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is related to technological advances and improvements in endoscopic techniques that have made retrograde stone removal easier. The main advantage of RIRS compared to open operative or percutaneous intervention is a decrease in operative morbidity for the patient, as well as a faster recovery. RIRS should be considered in patients with kidney stones if they have a contraindication for SWL or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), such as the presence of a bleeding diathesis, some cases of morbid obesity, musculoskeletal deformities, or infundibular stenosis.