“PROTEIN METABOLISM DEFICIENCY”

Metabolism is a complex process that involves a series of chemical reactions in the human body. Alterations in these metabolic processes constitute the disturbances of metabolism causing metabolic disorders. When studying the pathological mechanisms of protein deficiencies it is necessary not only to take into account the composition of the diet. This research discusses the oral aspects of metabolic diseases. Key Words: Metabolism diseases, protein deficiency syndromes, IEMS, MSUD.

Creatine Ingestion Increases Anaerobic Capacity and Maximum Accumulated Oxygen Deficit

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that ingestion of creatine monohydrate increases anaerobic exercise capacity, as reflected by the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD). Subjects were assigned, double-blind, to placebo (PL, n = 12) or creatine (CR, n = 14) groups and ingested 5-g doses 4 times daily of artificial sweetener or artificially sweetened creatine monohydrate, respectively, for 5 days. On a separate day subjects exercised to exhaustion at 125%[Formula: see text]. After two familiarization trials, MAOD was again determined before treatment, after 5 days of PL or CR treatment, and 7 days later. MAOD increased after CR treatment from 4.04 ± 0.31 to 4.41 ± 034 L(p < .001) and remained elevated for another 7 days (4.31 ± 0.33, p < .001). Time to exhaustion also increased in CR from 130 ± 7 to 141 ± 7 s(p < .01) and remained increased for another 7 days (139 ± 8 s, p < .01). These data demonstrate that ingesting creatine monohydrate for 5 days increases the MAOD, and is likely to have an ergogenic effect on supramaximal exercise performance that persists for at least a week after treatment. Key words: metabolism, exercise, ergogenic, performance

Atividade e Biodisponibilidade dos Carotenóides no Organismo/Activity and Bioavailability of Carotenoids in Body

Os carotenóides são pigmentos naturais presentes nos alimentos, que dependendo de suas estruturas podem ser convertidos em vitamina A. Representam uma classe de antioxidantes encontrados predominantemente em frutas e vegetais, tendo sua composição e estabilidade nos alimentos afetadas por diversos fatores. O metabolismo dos carotenóides no organismo é um processo complexo, similar ao dos lipídeos e está associado a potenciais benefícios através de sua atividade modulatória. A sua ação, principalmente antioxidante, é dependente da capacidade do organismo absorvê-lo, armazená-lo e utilizá-lo em seus diferentes sistemas metabólicos. Diante disso é necessário compreender os fatores que afetam a sua biodisponibilidade. Portanto, o objetivo desta revisão foi descrever o metabolismo dos carotenóides, sua atividade no organismo e os fatores que podem interferir em sua biodisponibilidade. Palavras chave: Metabolismo; interações nutricionais, atividade modulatória.Carotenoids are natural pigments present in foods, depending on their structures can be converted into vitamin A. Represent a class of antioxidants found mainly in fruits and vegetables, and its composition and stability of foods affected by several factors. The metabolism of carotenoids in the body is a complex process, similar to that of lipids and is associated with potential benefits through their modulatory activity. Their action, especially antioxidant, is dependent on the body's ability to absorb it, store it and use it in their different metabolic systems. Besides, we need to understand the factors affecting its bioavailability. Therefore, the aim of this review was to describe the metabolism of carotenoids, their activity in the body and the factors that may interfere with its bioavailability. Key words: Metabolism, nutritional interactions, modulatory activity.