Saccharin Stimulates Insulin Secretion Dependent on Sweet Taste Receptor-Induced Activation of PLC Signaling Axis

Background: Saccharin is a common artificial sweetener and a bona fide ligand for sweet taste receptors (STR). STR can regulate insulin secretion in beta cells, so we investigated whether saccharin can stimulate insulin secretion dependent on STR and the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) signaling. Methods: We performed in vivo and in vitro approaches in mice and cells with loss-of-function of STR signaling and specifically assessed the involvement of a PLC signaling cascade using real-time biosensors and calcium imaging. Results: We found that the ingestion of a physiological amount of saccharin can potentiate insulin secretion dependent on STR. Similar to natural sweeteners, saccharin triggers the activation of the PLC signaling cascade, leading to calcium influx and the vesicular exocytosis of insulin. The effects of saccharin also partially require transient receptor potential cation channel M5 (TRPM5) activity. Conclusions: Saccharin ingestion may transiently potentiate insulin secretion through the activation of the canonical STR signaling pathway. These physiological effects provide a framework for understanding the potential health impact of saccharin use and the contribution of STR in peripheral tissues.

KANDUNGAN SIKLAMAT PADA MINUMAN ES CENDOL

Cyclamate is an artificial sweetener that is often added to drinks and food. In trade, cyclamate is known by the trade names assugrin, sucaryl, sucrose or sarimanis. The negative effects caused by sodium cyclamate are not immediate, it may have to wait two or thirty years later. The effects include increasing the potential for obesity, dental disorders, learning disorders, emotions, and mental health. testicular wasting and chromosomal damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence or absence of cyclamate content in cendol ice. The examination was carried out at the Amami Chemistry Laboratory, Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Medan, Department of Health Analyst using a qualitative test, namely the color test (deposition) with a total sample of 7 samples taken from cendol ice drink traders. Based on the qualitative test results obtained from 7 samples, 4 positive samples contained cyclamate. By knowing the presence of cyclamate content, it is hoped that producers will use food additives that do not have a negative effect on consumer health. Based on the Minister of Health Regulation No. 033/2012 artificial sweeteners are only intended for low-energy products or for people with diabetes mellitus and not for general let alone especially for children

Effect of soft beverages on the in vitro dissolution of gastro-resistant tablets containing low dose Acetylsalicylic acid

The need for additional fluids for easy absorption is typical for elderly patients and those with dysphagia. Most often, these patients take their medication with a glass of orange juice or another liquid instead of a glass of water. We conducted a dissolution test with gastro-resistant tablets acetylsalicylic acid where different kind of orange juice or soft drink wеre added to the release medium. As a control, release medium - buffers 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8 were used. The released aspirin was determined after HPLC analysis. The obtained data were fitted to different kinetic models. The results of the dissolution test in medium buffers with added different beverage showed results similar to those obtained in pure buffer, where it is used an artificial sweetener and different, when sugar or glucose-fructose syrup was used to sweeten the beverage. The most significant change was observed in the release kinetics of the active substance.To exclude the possibility that the other beverage ingredients or excipients used to make the tablets affect the release profile of acetylsalicylic acid, we conducted a beverage-like dissolution test. Instead of a original beverage, we used water and sugar syrup, in a concentration that is declared on the label of the original beverages. The results obtained confirm that different sugar concentrations alter the release profile of acetylsalicylic acid from gastro resistant tablets when they are taken with a glass of sugar-containing beverage instead of a glass of water.

Impact of Maternal Intake of Artificial Sweetener, Acesulfame-K, on Metabolic and Reproductive Health Outcomes in Male and Female Mouse Offspring

Guidelines advising pregnant women to avoid food and beverages with high fat and sugar have led to an increase in the consumption of “diet” options sweetened by artificial sweeteners (AS). Yet, there is limited information regarding the impact of AS intake during pregnancy on the long-term risk of cardiometabolic and reproductive complications in adult offspring. This study examined the influence of maternal acesulfame-K (Ace-K) and fructose consumption on metabolic and reproductive outcomes in offspring. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice received standard chow ad-libitum with either water (CD), fructose (Fr; 20% kcal intake), or AS (AS; 12.5 mM Ace-K) throughout pregnancy and lactation (n = 8/group). Postweaning offspring were maintained on a CD diet for the remainder of the experiment. Body weight, food intake, and water intake were measured weekly. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were undertaken at 12 weeks, and the offspring were culled at week 14. Female, but not male, AS groups exhibited decreased glucose tolerance compared to Fr. There was an increase in gonadal fat adipocyte size in male offspring from AS and Fr groups compared to CD groups. In female offspring, adipocyte size was increased in the Fr group compared to the CD group. In female, but not male offspring, there was a trend toward increase in Fasn gene expression in AS group compared to the CD group. Maternal AS and Fr also negatively impacted upon female offspring estrus cycles and induced alterations to markers associated with ovulation. In summary, exposure to Ace-k via the maternal diet leads to impaired glucose tolerance and impacts adipocyte size in a sex-specific manner as well as significantly affecting estrus cycles and related gene markers in female offspring. This has implications in terms of providing tailored dietary advice for pregnant women and highlights the potential negative influence of artificial sweetener intake in the context of intergenerational impacts.

A Review on Profit, Probable Hazard, and Ecological Impacts of Commonly used Chewing Gum

One of the oldest habits of human beings is to chew gum that was continuing from ancient civilizations to the modern world. Chew the gum could be a quiet pleasure that charming people for a long time. The non-food item chewing gum has a long history. The stepwise progress of its development has given us better flavour and additional medicative values. The stress-releasing properties and different medical outcomes have to make chewing gum popular for everyone. Chew the gum isn’t bring solely stripling pleasure, in near future ‘chewing gum’ perhaps use as a part of the drug delivery system. Unfortunately, it has also produced some negative effects. Modern chewing gum is made by non-biodegradable hydrophobic polymer together with artificial sweetener and flavour. So chew this sort of synthetic materials over a long time could produce some adverse effects. Again, because of our irresponsible attitude to toss the waste part of chewing gum anywhere creates some kind of serious environmental litter known as ‘gum pollution’. Therefore this widespread habit causes some sort of nuisance. Thus it’s the time to think how chewing gum offers us additional pleasure and benefits while not hampering human health and surroundings.

Effect of Consuming Milk Tea with Stevia on Plaque pH among Dental Students: Cross-Over RCT

Background: Stevia is a natural, healthy, unconventional replacement to the table sugar and artificial sweetener. Phytochemicals present in it exerts an influence on the microbial flora of the mouth. Hence, study was planned to compare the effects of stevia with different sugars on the plaque pH. Methodology: The present study was carried in department of Public Health Dentistry between 9am-12pm. It was a triple blinded Crossover Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial with LSD design. All the 40 subjects were exposed to all four interventions sequentially, at weekly intervals with 1 week wash out period. (Intervention: A- Table sugar, B- Jaggery, C- Stevia, D- Milk tea without sugar). Inferential statistics was done using Repeated measures of ANOVA followed by Post hoc pairwise comparison and Three-way RMANOVA to determine relationship between SUGAR * WEEK * TIME interaction. Level of significance was set at p value at 0.05. Results: Plaque pH assessments were performed at 4 points of time intervals (at baseline, 1 min, 20min, 60 min). Overall significance differences were seen in plaque pH at different time intervals for all interventions. Intergroup comparison showed potential efficacy of stevia in maintaining plaque pH. Conclusion: In the present study, it was found that stevia has the least cariogenic potential when compared with jaggery and refined sugar. Jaggery also did not show a significant reduction in plaque pH. Therefore, Stevia and Jaggery can be compared for their anti-cariogenic properties. This study has been registered under the Clinical Trial Registry of India CTRI/2020/12/03003

„Schiffe Versenken“: Optimierung einer hochaktiven Saccharose-Isomerase

The sucrose isomerase SmuA from Serratia plymuthica catalyses the production of isomaltulose, an artificial sweetener used in the food industry. To suppress the formation of the hygroscopic by-product trehalulose we applied a semirational protein engineering strategy inspired by the “battleship” board game. After seven cycles of introducing amino acid exchanges around the active site and investigating their influence on the enzymatic product profile we obtained a triple mutant that showed 2.3 times less trehalulose formation but had retained high catalytic efficiency.

The metabolic footprint of Clostridia and Erysipelotrichia reveals their role in depleting sugar alcohols in the cecum

Background The catabolic activity of the microbiota contributes to health by aiding in nutrition, immune education, and niche protection against pathogens. However, the nutrients consumed by common taxa within the gut microbiota remain incompletely understood. Methods Here we combined microbiota profiling with an un-targeted metabolomics approach to determine whether depletion of small metabolites in the cecum of mice correlated with the presence of specific bacterial taxa. Causality was investigated by engrafting germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice with complex or defined microbial communities. Results We noted that a depletion of Clostridia and Erysipelotrichia from the gut microbiota triggered by antibiotic treatment was associated with an increase in the cecal concentration of sugar acids and sugar alcohols (polyols). Notably, when we inoculated germ-free mice with a defined microbial community of 14 Clostridia and 3 Erysipelotrichia isolates, we observed the inverse, with a marked decrease in the concentrations of sugar acids and polyols in cecal contents. The carbohydrate footprint produced by the defined microbial community was similar to that observed in gnotobiotic mice receiving a cecal microbiota transplant from conventional mice. Supplementation with sorbitol, a polyol used as artificial sweetener, increased cecal sorbitol concentrations in antibiotic-treated mice, which was abrogated after inoculation with a Clostridia isolate able to grow on sorbitol in vitro. Conclusions We conclude that consumption of sugar alcohols by Clostridia and Erysipelotrichia species depletes these metabolites from the intestinal lumen during homeostasis.