Food consumption of children from zero to 23 months in a Brazilian municipality

Objective: to identify the frequency of food consumption in children aged zero to 23 months. Methods: this analytical research with a quantitative approach was conducted with 911 mothers/guardians of children aged under 23 months. In data collection, sociodemographic information and information on the frequency of food consumption of the child in the last 24 hours were obtained through a questionnaire of food consumption markers from SISVAN. Results: more than two-thirds of the participants reported having offered inappropriate foods for the child's age the day before. Among children under six months of age, inadequate food consumption had a prevalence of 38.3%. In the age group from 6 to 23 months, this frequency of consumption was 88.4%. The most inappropriate foods consumed by children under six months of age were water/tea, fruit, and salty foods. Between the ages of six and 23 months, the consumption of non-breast milk, sugary drinks, stuffed biscuits, sweets, and candies predominated. Conclusion: the consumption of inappropriate foods for age was highly prevalent, especially in children above six months old.

Anemia de Fanconi em paciente pediátrico

A Anemia de Fanconi (AF) é um distúrbio genético raro, herdado de maneira autossômica recessiva, e caracterizado por uma depressão medular progressiva, alterações morfológicas, como manchas café-com-leite, ausência de quirodáctilo, atrofia de genitália, hipogonadismo, baixa estatura, susceptibilidade a eventos mielodisplásicos, dentre outros. Trata-se de um paciente de 10 anos que procurou atendimento médico para avaliação de fimose e testículo retrátil bilateral. Verificou-se ausência do primeiro quirodáctilo direito, manchas café-com-leite e de fácies sindrômica, além de plaquetopenia e dores abdominais. O teste de fragilidade cromossômica confirmou a suspeita clínica de AF. A investigação é complexa e a clínica essencial para confirmação. O tratamento mais adequado é o transplante de medula óssea, podendo acarretar a cura dos sintomas hematológicos, como foi o caso em questão.

Association of great saphenous vein diameter and clinical severity score after treatment of severe chronic venous insufficiency with foam sclerotherapy

Objectives: to evaluate the association of the greater saphenous vein (GSV) diameter in the treatment of patients with severe chronic venous insufficiency (C6 CEAP classification) with ultrasound-guided polidocanol foam sclerotherapy (UGFS). Methods: A prospective, descriptive and analytical study of 28 patients (30 limbs) that underwent UGFS. Patients were divided into 2 subgroups by GSV diameter (< 8 mm and ≥ 8 mm). Variables analyzed were ulcer healing, clinical intercurrences, clinical CEAP classification, Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), diameter of the treated vein and presence of occlusion or recanalization by Doppler ultrasound. Patients were analyzed at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months post-treatment. Results: The average age was 68.7 ± 10.5 years, 23 (82,1%) were women, and the average body mass index was 29.2 kg/m2. Although an improvement in VCSS score was observed during follow-up, no significant intergroup difference was noted. Seventeen (56%) limbs presented occlusion of the treated vein at the 1st month, 11 (36%) at the 3rd month, and 9 (30%) at the 6th month of follow-up. The ulcer healing rate was 56,6%. The average ulcer healing time was 90 days. Three (10%) patients presented with ulcer recurrence at the 6th month. Survival analysis showed no significant difference in ulcer healing rate between subgroups after one year of follow-up (log-rank, p = 0,178). Conclusion: There was no difference between the subgroups of large and small VSM diameter in terms of symptom severity. However, significant reduction of VCSS and pain relief was observed after foam sclerotherapy.

Cardiovascular risk factors in students at a public college institution in Brazil

Objective: To compare the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in university students from a Brazilian public higher education institution between three surveys. Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted with 1,084, 1,085, and 1,041 university students in 2010, 2012, and 2014, respectively, from an institution located in Bahia, Brazil. Outcomes were cardiovascular risk factors: overweight, leisure-time physical activity for < 150 min per week, low consumption of fruits and vegetables, consumption of meat and chicken with fat, fried snacks, soft drinks or artificial juices, smoking, drinking alcohol abuse, and negative self-assessment of stress in life. The independent variable was the year of the survey.The measure of association was the Prevalence Ratio (PR). The significance level was 5%. Results: In all surveys, there was a higher prevalence of college students with insufficient leisure-time physical activity, low consumption of fruits and vegetables, consumption of fatty and savory meat, and negative self-assessment of stress. Overweight and consumption of chicken with fat increased over the years of the survey. Prevalence decreased in the last survey among college students concerning the consumption of fruits, vegetables, snacks, and artificial soft drinks or juices (PR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.52–0.84). Conclusions: There was an increase in overweight; however, there were also positive modifications in eating habits among college students.

Psychosocial profile of candidates for bariatric surgery and its association with Binge-Eating Disorder

Objective: To describe the psychosocial profile of candidates for bariatric surgery, verify the prevalence of Binge-Eating Disorder (BED) and analyze the correlation between psychosocial variables in patients with or without BED. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Data collection was based on information from 125 patients, and the Periodic Binge-Eating Scale (BES) was applied by the Psychology section of a general hospital in southern Minas Gerais from July 2019 to March 2020. Candidates were separated into groups with and without BED, and psychosocial variables were correlated with groups. Results: The BED prevalence was 41.6% (52). Most patients were women (101; 80.8%), between 30 and 49 years (68; 54.4%), had a paid job (80; 64%), had completed or incomplete high school (51; 48.8%), reported memories of "remarkable facts" in the child's family environment (78; 62.4%). Anxiety disorders were reported in 37.6% (47) and depressive disorders in 17.6% (22) of the sample. As for weight-loss treatments, 62.4% (78) tried at least three types; 58.4% (73) reported the perception of weight gain in childhood or adolescence. A statistically significant association was observed between BED and a low education (p = 0.009). Conclusion: It was possible to characterize the studied population. It was observed that education can be considered a protective factor for the occurrence of BED.

Association between oral nutritional supplementation and clinical and nutritional outcomes in the management of hospital malnutrition

Objective: To evaluate the association between oral nutritional supplementation and clinical and nutritional outcomes in the management of hospital malnutrition. Methods: This is a longitudinal observational study conducted by collecting electronic medical records of patients admitted to a university hospital between 2019 and 2020. Malnourished adult and elderly patients, who have been eating exclusively orally and using a nutritional supplement, were included.Sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical, nutritional risk, nutritional assessment, acceptance of nutritional prescription and characteristics of the nutritional supplement used were analyzed. An α = 5% was considered. Results: Forty patients were evaluated, most of them elderly and male. Among the oral nutritional supplements, the high-calorie and high-protein types were more prevalent, with an offer twice a day, average use of 39 days, and total acceptance of the nutritional prescription by only 30% of the patients. This nutritional intervention resulted in a slight improvement in anthropometric data, with no significant difference. Conclusion: Using the oral nutritional supplement for a longer period and better adherence would possibly present greater nutritional benefits to patients.

Cardiovascular risk in primary care: comparison between Framingham Score and waist circumference

Objectives: To estimate and compare the cardiovascular risk using the Framingham risk score (FRS) and waist circumference (WC) in primary care individuals and, secondarily, determine the main factors associated with these scores. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving individuals of both sexes attended in a primary health unit and aging between 30 and 74 years. The cardiovascular risks (FRS and WC) were stratified as low, intermediate, and high. The weighted Kappa coefficient was used to assess agreements between scores. Results: Fifty-five individuals (52.8 ± 9.4 years, 70.9% women) were evaluated. Using the FRS, 40.0% of the sample presented a low risk, 45.5% intermediate risk, and 14.5% high risk of cardiovascular disease. Conversely, when analyzed using the WC score, the highest frequency (71%) was observed in the high-risk category. Also, no agreement (K= 0.36; p= 0.55) was found between scores. FRS was associated with hypertension (p<0.01), diabetes (p=0.01), and stress in women (p=0.01), while the WC score was associated with hypertension (p=0.02), obesity (p<0.01), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL-c (p=0.03). Conclusions: Primary care individuals presented intermediate cardiovascular risk in the FRS and high risk in the WC, with no agreement between scores. Hypertension, diabetes, stress, obesity, and HDL-c represented the factors that were most associated with these scores.

Epidemiological characterization of stroke cases under rehabilitation on the Brazilian Unified Health System in Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte

Objectives: To identify the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients undergoing treatment for a stroke at the only public rehabilitation clinic in Mossoró/RN (Doctor Ozias Alves de Souza Rehabilitation Center). Methods: Quantitative, prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional, exploratory study, structured from responses to a clinical-epidemiological and sociodemographic questionnaire with 39 items, to assess aspects concerning the profile of patients affected by stroke and undergoing rehabilitation treatment. Results: Twenty-eight individuals with stroke sequelae undergoing treatment at the rehabilitation center were identified, whose clinical-epidemiological characteristics revealed equivalence concerning gender (50% male:female), the predominance of white and brown color/race (46.4% each), and overweight (35.7%). Most of the patients lived in a family environment with a spouse (64.3%), were retired (71.4%), with monthly income between one and two minimum wages (64.3%), with hemiplegic sequelae resulting from the stroke (85.7%) and difficulties in adapting to the current way of life (75%). Conclusion: The present study allows an initial scrutiny of stroke cases in Mossoró/RN and their rehabilitation process. Such data may contribute to a better understanding of issues concerning stroke by government sectors, aiming to improve care and multidisciplinary interventions to provide patients with reinsertion in both work practice and in everyday social relationships.

Prevalence of sarcopenia and associated factors in patients in hemodialysis

Objective: To assess the prevalence of sarcopenia and associated factors in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated patients with CKD undergoing HD from January to October 2016 in two dialysis centers located in Recife, Pernambuco. For the diagnosis of sarcopenia, the criteria proposed by the 2019 European Consensus on Sarcopenia, which advocates low muscle strength as the main criterion, were considered. Demographic, clinical, anthropometric, and behavioral covariates were evaluated. Results: 108 patients were included, with a mean age of 51.4 ± 17.0 years and homogeneous distribution between the sexes.Sarcopenia was present in 38.9% of the population, of which 69% had severe sarcopenia. A higher prevalence of sarcopenia was observed among men (60% vs. 17%; p < 0.001), in those without a partner (48.1% vs. 30.4%; p < 0.045), in smokers (50% vs. 30%; p < 0.034), with low weight (underweight 73.3%, eutrophic 33.9%, overweight 32.4%; p = 0.001) and those with normal albumin levels (47.5% vs. 28.6%; p = 0.045). Conclusion: Approximately one in three nephropathic patients on hemodialysis presented sarcopenia and, among these, most had the severe form of this condition.Uremic sarcopenia was more prevalent in males, in individuals without partners, underweight, in smokers, and among those with normal albumin levels.

Intervening factors in the perception of memory decline and life purpose in older adults

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the perception of memory decline and the purpose of life in the elderly.Methods: A cross-sectional study that evaluated 235 older adults living in the city of Maringá, Paraná. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Life Purpose Scale and the Subjective Cognitive Decline Initiative (SCD-I) were used. Data analysis was conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann–Whitney “U”, Kruskal-Wallis, and Pearson's Chi-square tests (p < 0.05). Results: The results showed a higher prevalence of women with a perception of memory decline (p = 0.011) and that the elderly with more than three minimum wages had higher scores on the life purpose scale than the elderly with lower income. It was found that the elderly who does not consider that the deterioration of memory affects activities of daily living (ADL) had a greater purpose in life than the elderly who considers that the deterioration of memory impairs their ADL (p = 0.004). Conclusion: female gender seems to be a factor associated with memory decline, while higher monthly income seems to be an intervening factor in the greater purpose of life of the elderly. Not considering that memory loss harms ADLs, it seems to intervene in the best purpose of life.