OEDIPUS PLOT: PARADOXES OF IDENTIFICATION

This article deals with the plot structure of the Oedipus myth. From the set of known sources we select a series of elements that form a plot representing an object of our analysis. The author takes into account the following elements: 1) piercing of Oedipus’s ankles and the subsequent displacement of Oedipus to the mountain Cithaeron, 2) the deadly clash between Oedipus and Laius, 3) the riddle of the Sphinx and the Oedipus’s answer, 4) the suicide of the Sphinx, 5) the accession of Oedipus to the throne in Thebes, 6) Oedipus’s discovery of his own origins, 7) the suicide of Jocasta, 8) the self-blinding of Oedipus. In the plot there is a series of correspondences related to the number 3. In the riddle of the Sphinx that Oedipus solves, 3 stages of human life are indicated: infancy, maturity, old age. In the Sphinx, 3 components are integrated in one whole: “man + lion + bird”. Oedipus commits murder in the point where 3 roads meet. It is shown that incest and clash with the unrecognized father are expressed in the myth in the framework of such a ternary structure. The relevant elements that normally are separated from each other, merge in one point that is nothing else than a singular transformation. The other cases consist in mapping a common human history (that is continual by its very meaning) to a discrete sequence of three phases in an individual story of Oedipus. We also discuss some aspects of the Sphinx riddle that were not given a proper attention before. The feature with respect to which different stages of human life are classified, is related to legs. In turn, this motif is correlated with the presence or absence of footing. Deprivation of it is acts as a source of danger. In turn, this motif is correlated with the presence or absence of footing. Deprivation of it is acts as a source of danger. Both the contents of the riddle and the process of asking and guessing can be correlated with further investigation carried out by Oedipus.

Adaptive Response of a Metal–organic Framework Through Reversible Disorder–disorder Transitions

A highly porous metal-organic framework (DUT-8(Ni), DUT = Dresden University of Technology) is found to adopt a configurationally-degenerate family of disordered states that respond adaptively to specific guest stimuli. This disorder originates from non-linear carboxylate linkers arranging paddlewheels in closed loops of different local symmetries that in turn propagate as tilings of characteristic complex superstructures. Solvent exchange stimulates the formation of distinct disordered superstructures for specific guest molecules. Electron diffraction by desolvated DUT-8(Ni) nanoparticles demonstrates these superstructures to persist on the nanodomain level. Remarkably, guest exchange stimulates reversible and repeatable switching transitions between distinct disorder states. Deuterium NMR spectroscopy and in situ PXRD studies identify the transformation mechanism as an adaptive singular transformation event.<br>

Adaptive Response of a Metal–organic Framework Through Reversible Disorder–disorder Transitions

A highly porous metal-organic framework (DUT-8(Ni), DUT = Dresden University of Technology) is found to adopt a configurationally-degenerate family of disordered states that respond adaptively to specific guest stimuli. This disorder originates from non-linear carboxylate linkers arranging paddlewheels in closed loops of different local symmetries that in turn propagate as tilings of characteristic complex superstructures. Solvent exchange stimulates the formation of distinct disordered superstructures for specific guest molecules. Electron diffraction by desolvated DUT-8(Ni) nanoparticles demonstrates these superstructures to persist on the nanodomain level. Remarkably, guest exchange stimulates reversible and repeatable switching transitions between distinct disorder states. Deuterium NMR spectroscopy and in situ PXRD studies identify the transformation mechanism as an adaptive singular transformation event.<br>

Cross-connections of the singular transformation semigroup

Cross-connection is a construction of regular semigroups using certain categories called normal categories which are abstractions of the partially ordered sets of principal left (right) ideals of a semigroup. We describe the cross-connections in the semigroup [Formula: see text] of all non-invertible transformations on a set [Formula: see text]. The categories involved are characterized as the powerset category [Formula: see text] and the category of partitions [Formula: see text]. We describe these categories and show how a permutation on [Formula: see text] gives rise to a cross-connection. Further, we prove that every cross-connection between them is induced by a permutation and construct the regular semigroups that arise from the cross-connections. We show that each of the cross-connection semigroups arising this way is isomorphic to [Formula: see text]. We also describe the right reductive subsemigroups of [Formula: see text] with the category of principal left ideals isomorphic to [Formula: see text]. This study sheds light into the more general theory of cross-connections and also provides an alternate way of studying the structure of [Formula: see text].

Positing “not-yet-nationalism”: limits to the impact of nationalism theory on Kurdish historiography

This article examines the impact of nationalism theory, and specifically the theory of national awakening, on Kurdish historiography. Kurdish experts cite several famous nationalism theorists, but seem most impressed by Anthony Smith's model of a singular transformation in which a not-yet-national community becomes a proper nation. Kurdish experts do not always use Smith's terminology, however, and often invoke other scholars in support of the singular transformation model. Kurdish historiography disagrees what the singular transformation entails, and different thresholds of nationalism imply wildly different dates for the birth of Kurdish nationalism. Stage theories of national awakening have had little impact, and ought to be reconsidered.