Introduction. The consequences of autologous and allogeneic stem cell
transplantation (stem cells of hematopoiesis), applied in adults and children
suffering from leukemia or some other malignant disease, are well-known and
sufficiently recognizable in pediatric clinical practice regardless of the
indication for the treatment. However, the efficacy of fetal stem cell
transplantation is unrecognizable when the indications are psychomotor
retardation and epilepsy. Case Outline. With the exception of neurological
psychiatric problems, a boy aged 9.5 years was in good general health before
transplantation with allogeneic fetal stem cells. The main aim of allogeneic
fetal stem cell transplantation was treatment of psychomotor retardation and
epilepsy. After 13 months of treatment, he was admitted to hospital in a very
serious, life-threatening condition due to sepsis and severe pleuropneumonia.
The humoral immunity in the boy was adequate, unlike cellular immunity. The
immune imbalance in terms of predominance of T-suppressor lymphocytes
contributes to delayed and late development of sepsis and severe
pleuropneumonia. The boy still shows the same severity of psychomotor
retardation, dyslalia, epilepsy, strabismus and amblyopia. Conclusion.
Implementation of fetal stem cell therapy for unconfirmed indications abuses
the therapeutic approach, harms patients, misleads parents, and brings
financial harm to the healthcare system of any country, including Serbia.