Evaluation of the radiological risk in cargo scanning by comparison with known biological consequences

This study proposes a quick, easy, and low-cost method that can be used to assess the radiological safety of an irradiation line used for cargo and container inspection facilities. The radiation-emitting equipment used was a Smiths Heimam particle accelerator model HCVP4029 operating at 4.5 MeV. The radiation dose measurements were performed using a personal radiation monitor Ultra Radac mod MRAD 111 (Geiger–Muller). The ambient equivalent dose H*(10) was estimated for two facilities: A (real) (1.12E-03 mSv per scan) and B (fictitious) (3.25E-03 mSv per scan). The dimensionless factor R, which represents a ratio between two specific scanning (Ss) quantities regarding the facilities A and B, is introduced as a reference for assessing the level of radiological safety. This study compares facilities A and B by using a simple alternative safety assessment based on the R factor. The dimensionless R-value appears to be able to facilitate both the personnel’s and the general public’s perception of risk levels, even with no fixed scale.

Sea container inspection with tagged neutrons

Neutron inspection of sea-going cargo containers has been widely studied in the past 20 yr to non-intrusively detect terrorist threats, like explosives or Special Nuclear Materials (SNM), and illicit goods, like narcotics or smuggling materials. Fast 14 MeV neutrons are produced by a portable generator with the t(d, n)α fusion reaction, and tagged in both direction and time thanks to the alpha particle detection. This Associated Particle Technique (APT) allows focusing inspection on specific areas of interest in the containers, previously identified as containing suspicious items with X-ray radiographic scanners or radiation portal monitors. We describe the principle of APT for non-nuclear material identification, and for nuclear material detection, then we provide illustrations of the performances for 10 min inspections with significant quantities (kilograms) of explosives, illicit drugs, or SNM, in different cargo cover loads (e.g. metallic, organic, or ceramic matrices).

C-BORD : les conteneurs de fret maritimeau peigne fin neutronique

L’inspection des conteneurs de fret maritime est un enjeu critique pour le commerce et la protection des personnes afin de détecter rapidement les matières dangereuses ou illicites (sources radioactives, drogues, etc.) éventuellement transportées. Le projet C-BORD (Effective Container Inspection at BORDer Control Points), piloté par le CEA dans le cadre du programme Horizon 2020, aide les douanes européennes à relever ce défi logistique et technique en combinant plusieurs méthodes d’analyses non-intrusives.

Bill of Lading in Transporting Goods at Sea to Envisage an Efficiency of Export and Import Transaction

<p>This study discusses the law of transporting goods at sea by using a document of charge called Bill of Lading known in common law system is from the 16th century. The research is taken based on the empirical type by showing evidence obtained from the field then analyzed based on bibliography and theory which exists. The result of the research is that each of the international regulations studied does not describe explicitly what the rights and obligations of exporters and importers. However, the B/L contract on the back describes the rights and obligations of exporters and importers as "merchants". Then the results of research that Efficiency is achieved by reason if B/L has been published, No weight miscommunication, Parties abide by applicable legislation, Not falsely signing, Storing B/L in a safe place so as not to disappear, Consistent premises B/L not to be amended, Exporters researching weight standards of goods to be shipped according to ship type, Exporters studying freight forwarding companies in order to manage customs clearance, Selecting the right insurance company to be trusted, Paying attention to the cost of deviation for the benefit of shipping For carrier, Use safe payment method to avoid any more cost when transaction insecurity, Use Surrender B/L model to avoid loading time at loading and unloading ports, Checking documentation of payload including B/L whether complete or not to avoid arrest goods in Customs area, Conduct a container inspection to avoid leakage, and Prevent assignment to less competent workforce to handle cargo documents.</p>