Evaluation of the radiological risk in cargo scanning by comparison with known biological consequences

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Q. Pelegrineli ◽  
A.X. Silva ◽  
W.S.S. Filho ◽  
L.S.R. Oliveira ◽  
R.M. Stenders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Particle Accelerator ◽  
Radiological Risk ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
R Factor ◽  
Container Inspection ◽  
Simple Alternative ◽  
Radiological Safety ◽  
Dose Measurements

This study proposes a quick, easy, and low-cost method that can be used to assess the radiological safety of an irradiation line used for cargo and container inspection facilities. The radiation-emitting equipment used was a Smiths Heimam particle accelerator model HCVP4029 operating at 4.5 MeV. The radiation dose measurements were performed using a personal radiation monitor Ultra Radac mod MRAD 111 (Geiger–Muller). The ambient equivalent dose H*(10) was estimated for two facilities: A (real) (1.12E-03 mSv per scan) and B (fictitious) (3.25E-03 mSv per scan). The dimensionless factor R, which represents a ratio between two specific scanning (Ss) quantities regarding the facilities A and B, is introduced as a reference for assessing the level of radiological safety. This study compares facilities A and B by using a simple alternative safety assessment based on the R factor. The dimensionless R-value appears to be able to facilitate both the personnel’s and the general public’s perception of risk levels, even with no fixed scale.

Radiological safety assessment for the commissioning of a 3 MV Tandetron particle accelerator

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. S14
Author(s):  
P. Beukes ◽  
N. Mantengu ◽  
L. Conradie ◽  
J.P. Slabbert
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Particle Accelerator ◽  
Radiological Safety

scholarly journals Evaluating the Safety Risk of Rural Roadsides Using a Bayesian Network Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianpei Tang ◽  
Senlai Zhu ◽  
Yuntao Guo ◽  
Xizhao Zhou ◽  
Yang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
The Road ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Point Density

Evaluating the safety risk of rural roadsides is critical for achieving reasonable allocation of a limited budget and avoiding excessive installation of safety facilities. To assess the safety risk of rural roadsides when the crash data are unavailable or missing, this study proposed a Bayesian Network (BN) method that uses the experts’ judgments on the conditional probability of different safety risk factors to evaluate the safety risk of rural roadsides. Eight factors were considered, including seven factors identified in the literature and a new factor named access point density. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a case study was conducted using 19.42 km long road networks in the rural area of Nantong, China. By comparing the results of the proposed method and run-off-road (ROR) crash data from 2015–2016 in the study area, the road segments with higher safety risk levels identified by the proposed method were found to be statistically significantly correlated with higher crash severity based on the crash data. In addition, by comparing the respective results evaluated by eight factors and seven factors (a new factor removed), we also found that access point density significantly contributed to the safety risk of rural roadsides. These results show that the proposed method can be considered as a low-cost solution to evaluating the safety risk of rural roadsides with relatively high accuracy, especially for areas with large rural road networks and incomplete ROR crash data due to budget limitation, human errors, negligence, or inconsistent crash recordings.

Climbing the ladder: a step by step approach to international guidelines for water recycling

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anderson ◽  
A. Adin ◽  
J. Crook ◽  
C. Davis ◽  
R. Hultquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
International Panel ◽  
International Water

Given the pressures on the world's freshwater resources, recycled water is a valuable resource. Recycled water can increase the reliability of water supply because it is an independent source of water. Water recycling requires effective measures to protect public health and the environment. In the absence of comprehensive international guidelines, different countries have developed different approaches to managing water recycling depending on the understanding of the health risks, their individual economic circumstances, and affordability. Approaches vary between high technology/high cost/low risk and low technology/low cost/controlled risk. Furthermore, differences occur between countries and within individual countries. Inconsistencies can often be traced to lack of a unified scientific position on health effects. These inconsistencies increase public concerns about health risks and may give rise to conservative controls on responses to water recycling projects that some countries may be unable to afford. In this paper, an international panel of authors discusses how the different water recycling approaches might be linked together into international water recycling guidelines. These guidelines would incorporate a uniform approach to assessing hazards and risks while providing flexibility for individual countries to vary requirements to suit local circumstances of affordability and risk. The authors propose a framework of guidelines in which individual countries can progressively improve recycled water quality as lower risk levels become more affordable. The authors argue that a uniform international approach will result in a number of benefits including a better focus on risk management, better targeted research and development efforts and greater public confidence in water recycling. The authors invite discussion on the concepts put forward in the paper.

scholarly journals Radiological Safety Assessment of Transporting Radioactive Wastes to the Gyeongju Disposal Facility in Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1368-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongtae Jeong ◽  
Min Hoon Baik ◽  
Mun Ja Kang ◽  
Hong-Joo Ahn ◽  
Doo-Seong Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Radioactive Wastes ◽  
Disposal Facility ◽  
Radiological Safety

Onboard Fire Safety Assessment Standards for Indonesian Non Convention Roll On Roll Off Passenger Ferries

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunaryo S. ◽  
Yulianto Nugroho ◽  
Marcus Alberth Talahatu
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Assessment Standards ◽  
Fire Accidents ◽  
Fire Accident

Roll on roll off passenger ferries play very important role in connecting Indonesia’s more than 17,000 islands. Since these ferries are categorized as ‘Non-convention’ vessels they are not mandatory to comply with international regulations, therefore they are very vulnerable to accidents including fire accident. The study was carried out to establish onboard fire safety assessment standards for Roll on roll off ferries operating on Indonesian waters to be used as guidance for authorities and operators to assess and to ensure the safety of the ferries. The assessment standards are focused on three accident sources include: the vessel; people on board; and the cargo. The standards are derived from fire hazards and their potential risk levels, which are categoriesed as intolerable; tolerable; and negligible. Refer to the risk levels obtained realistic and appropriate actions could then be implemented to prevent the ferries from fire accidents.

Radiological Safety Assessment for a Low-Level Radioactive Solid Waste Storage Facility

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-834
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Morisawa ◽  
Yoriteru Inoue ◽  
Yoshiki Wadachi ◽  
Kiyoshi Kato
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
Radiological Safety

scholarly journals Removal of Separated Endodontic K-File with the Aid of Hypodermic Needle and Cyanoacrylate

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Luciana Maria Arcanjo Frota ◽  
Bernardo Almeida Aguiar ◽  
Maria Gerusa Brito Aragão ◽  
Bruno Carvalho de Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Hypodermic Needle ◽  
Alternative Technique ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Cyanoacrylate Adhesive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Simple Alternative ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Endodontic Retreatment

A wide range of accidents might happen during the treatment of the root canal system, where the instrument separation is one of the most unpleasant occurrences. Several techniques have been developed to facilitate the removal of the fragments; however, they generally require specific devices that not always are available to the clinician. The aim of this case report is to present a simple alternative technique to remove from the root canals manual instruments fractured during the treatment. The case has its outline based on a 31-year-old patient who sought the clinic to have her maxillary first left premolar rehabilitated. The clinic and radiographic examinations revealed the need of endodontic retreatment and the presence of a fragment of a K-file instrument localized at the apical third of the palatine canal. The retreatment was initiated by the removal of the obturation materials followed by several unsuccessful attempts to take out the fractured instrument. Hence, it was chosen to perform the fragment removal using a hypodermic needle and cyanoacrylate adhesive. The fragment easily came out, which reinforces the technique adopted as a safe, simple, and low cost mean to solve the problem of fractured instruments using only items already present in the endodontic arsenal.

scholarly journals EXPERIENCES OF UAV SURVEYS APPLIED TO ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B1 ◽  
pp. 797-801
Author(s):  
M. Caprioli ◽  
R. Trizzino ◽  
F. Mazzone ◽  
M. Scarano
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Mobile Mapping ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Uav Images ◽  
Photogrammetric Measurement

In this paper the results of some surveys carried out in an area of Apulian territory affected by serious environmental hazard are presented. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are emerging as a key engineering tool for future environmental survey tasks. UAVs are increasingly seen as an attractive low-cost alternative or supplement to aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry due to their low cost, flexibility, availability and readiness for duty. In addition, UAVs can be operated in hazardous or temporarily inaccessible locations, that makes them very suitable for the assessment and management of environmental risk conditions. In order to verify the reliability of these technologies an UAV survey and A LIDAR survey have been carried outalong about 1 km of coast in the Salento peninsula, near the towns of San Foca, Torre dellOrso and SantAndrea( Lecce, Southern Italy). This area is affected by serious environmental risks due to the presence of dangerous rocky cliffs named falesie. The UAV platform was equipped with a photogrammetric measurement system that allowed us to obtain a mobile mapping of the fractured fronts of dangerous rocky cliffs. UAV-images data have been processed using dedicated software (AgisoftPhotoscan). The point clouds obtained from both the UAV and LIDAR surveys have been processed using Cloud Compare software, with the aim of testing the UAV results with respect to the LIDAR ones. The total error obtained was of centimeter-order that is a very satisfactory result. The environmental information has been arranged in an ArcGIS platform in order to assess the risk levels. The possibility to repeat the survey at time intervals more or less close together depending on the measured levels of risk and to compare the output allows following the trend of the dangerous phenomena. In conclusion, for inaccessible locations of dangerous rocky bodies the UAV survey coupled with GIS methodology proved to be a key engineering tool for the management of environmental risks.

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