Abstract Single crystals of the new compound BaCa(VO)(PO4)2 have been prepared by solid state reactions below the melting point of the reactants in evacuated quartz tubes. X-ray investigations led to monoclinic symmetry, space group C2h5 - P21/c, a = 7.300(1), b = 7.053(1), c = 14.460(1) Å, β = 101,43(1)°, Z = 4. The crystal structure is characterized by layers of corner-and edge-connected PO4 tetrahedra and VO1+5 octahedra. There is an unusually short O(1)-O(4) distance in a VO6 octahedron of 2.44 Å associated with the sharing of edges with PO4 tetrahedra. The short V-O distance of 1.61 Å indicates a vanadyl group.