Dermatological Manifestations of Magnesium and Thermite Poisoning

Thermite is a metal powder and metal oxide mixture that is pyrotechnic. Thermite conducts an exothermic decrease oxidation process (redox) when inflamed by the heat or chemical reaction. Burning thermite or magnesium produces predominantly thermal injury that may be considered identical to deep partial- or full-thickness thermal burns. While exposure to incendiary metals can occur in many settings, serious burns are most likely to result from industrial or military incidents. The main cause of thermal damage in combustion thermite or magnesium is the identical to the profound burning thermal burning of partial or total thickness. Thermite incendiaries can create several tiny, deep, dispersed molten iron burns. Local anesthetic may make this feasible. Outcomes and complications of incendiary metal burns are similar to other thermal injuries. In this paper we overview magnesium and thermite poisoning dermatologically and their management.

Study Structural properties of Nanocomposite (polyvinyl Alcohol\ (CdO/NiO) via Sol-Gel Method

This study deals with the synthesis of some physical properties of (CdO/NiO) nanocomposite via Sol-Gel method and their antibacterial activities. The NiO and CdO nanoxides as well as the CdO/NiO oxide mixture were prepared in five samples with different concentrations where the ratio of CdO/NiO was [(1: 0), (3: 1), (1: 1), (1: 3), (0: 1)], by using the gel solution by means of a polyvinyl alcohol solution ( PVA ). The samples were platelimb at (500̊C) for three hours. The structural properties of the prepared oxides resulting from the cracking process were studied. The XRD results showed the presence of pure cadmium oxide diffraction patterns in the sample (S 1 ) as well as pure nickel oxide in the sample (S 5 ), and confirmed the presence of the CdO / NiO oxide mixture in the samples (S 2 , S 3 , S 4 ). The results of XRD also showed, through calculations, that the specific surface area increased with increasing granular size and decreased with decreasing granular size. XRD calculations also showed that the intensity of eruptions decreased as the granular volume increased and, inversely, increased with decreasing granular size.

Influence of ZnO addition on microstructure and proton electrical conductivity of BaZr0.8Y0.2O3-δ ceramics

Sintering aids are widely used to promote densification and grain growth for electrolytes based on yttriumdoped barium zirconate. However, there are some discrepancies in the literature about the influence of these sintering aids on the microstructure development. Some authors consider that ZnO remains on grain boundaries, forming an amorphous phase that promotes sintering, and others proposed that ZnO forms a solid solution with barium zirconate. Even considering different mechanisms, it was proposed that ZnO addition compromised protonic conductivity. In this work BaZr0.8Y0.2O3-? (BZY20) was prepared by conventional oxide mixture (solid state sintering), adding ZnO as sintering aid. We proposed a mechanism for the ZnO actuation on the microstructure development, by the formation of a liquid phase during sintering and formation of a vitreous phase throughout grain boundaries during cooling. This could be the reason for poor protonic conductivity in comparison to the undoped BZY20 electrolytes. The proposed mechanism was established through the scanning electron microscopy analyses and electrical conductivity measurements under several different atmospheres by impedance spectroscopy. High density samples were obtained by using ZnO, but with compromised electrical conductivity compared to the undoped samples.

Hydrogen to Deuterium Exchange Rate Measurement in Ionic Liquid-Water Mixture Using NMR

The rate of hydrogen (H) to deuterium (D) exchange in an aqueous system or bulk water is faster, making it challenging to estimate the rate of H to D exchange using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Confined water behaves differently than bulk water in high viscous media, such as some room temperature ionic liquids and the H/D exchange rate becomes slow, which can be measured via NMR. Here, we used selective inversion recovery method to confined water in ionic liquid ([BMIM][BF4])-water-deuterium oxide mixture and measured exchange rate. The numerical value of exchange rate obtained using non-linear curve fitting of the experimental data is 1.34 s–1.

Multifunctional GaFeO3 Obtained via Mechanochemical Activation Followed by Calcination of Equimolar Nano-System Ga2O3–Fe2O3

The equimolar oxide mixture β-Ga2O3—α-Fe2O3 was subjected to high-energy ball milling (HEBM) with the aim to obtain the nanoscaled GaFeO3 ortho-ferrite. X-ray diffraction, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to evidence the phase structure and evolution of the equimolar nano-system β-Ga2O3—α-Fe2O3 under mechanochemical activation, either as-prepared or followed by subsequent calcination. The mechanical activation was performed for 2 h to 12 h in normal atmosphere. After 12 h of HEBM, only nanoscaled (~20 nm) gallium-doped α-Fe2O3 was obtained. The GaFeO3 structure was obtained as single phase, merely after calcination at 950 °C for a couple of hours, of the sample being subjected to HEBM for 12 h. This temperature is 450 °C lower than used in the conventional solid phase reaction to obtain gallium orthoferrite. The optical and magnetic properties of representative nanoscaled samples, revealing their multifunctional character, were presented.

Direct electrochemical production of pseudo-binary Ti–Fe alloys from mixtures of synthetic rutile and iron(III) oxide

Combining the FFC-Cambridge process with field-assisted sintering technology (FAST) allows for the realisation of an alternative, entirely solid-state, production route for a wide range of metals and alloys. For titanium, this could provide a route to produce alloys at a lower cost compared to the conventional Kroll-based route. Use of synthetic rutile instead of high purity TiO2 offers further potential cost savings, with previous studies reporting on the reduction of this feedstock via the FFC-Cambridge process. In this study, mixtures of synthetic rutile and iron oxide (Fe2O3) powders were co-reduced using the FFC-Cambridge process, directly producing titanium alloy powders. The powders were subsequently consolidated using FAST to generate homogeneous, pseudo-binary Ti–Fe alloys containing up to 9 wt.% Fe. The oxide mixture, reduced powders and bulk alloys were fully characterised to determine the microstructure and chemistry evolution during processing. Increasing Fe content led to greater β phase stabilisation but no TiFe intermetallic phase was observed in any of the consolidated alloys. Microhardness testing was performed for preliminary assessment of mechanical properties, with values between 330–400 Hv. Maximum hardness was measured in the alloy containing 5.15 wt.% Fe, thought due to the strengthening effect of fine α phase precipitation within the β grains. At higher Fe contents, there was sufficient β stabilisation to prevent α phase transformation on cooling, leading to a reduction in hardness despite a general increase from solid solution strengthening.

Influence of La- and Al-Dopant Substitutions on Morphology and Magnetic Characteristics of High Temperature Yttrium Iron Garnet

The optimization of magnetic uses of magnetic garnet type ferrites is largely known depending on their microstructure, synthesis process and chemical composition of the materials. This research investigates the effect of dopants substitution on microstructure and magnetic properties of Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG). The oxide-mixture route was employed in synthesizing the YIG powders using Aluminium and Lanthanum as dopants with concentration of 0.5 prior to sintering at 1400 °C. The samples were characterized in several testing applications in order to study the structural, microstructural, magnetic properties and density effects toward the samples workability as ferromagnetic materials. Characterization of the samples were carried out by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Impedance/Materials Analyzer and density measurement. The results showed that La-doped YIG shows an incredible achievement as a new ferromagnetic material, meanwhile with the substitution of Aluminum ion would increase the magnetic response of YIG.