Referentiality and incompletive reading in Mandarin

As an exception to Krifka’s (1989) famous generalization that a quantized incremental theme always induces an event-homomorphic completive reading, Singh (1991, 1998) observes that in Hindi only the quantized mass noun phrases as the incremental theme entails a completive reading, but unexpectedly quantized count nouns phrases can have an incompletive reading. She proposes that count nouns can introduce a partial thematic relation, whereas mass nouns introduce a total thematic relation. With new data in Mandarin, instead of the mass/count distinction, I argue that referentiality is the crucial factor because the non-culmination readings are only felicitous with the referential objects for consumption verbs in Mandarin.

Study of thematic relation of accounting theses of the universities and higher education institutions in over five decades with an educational approach

In this study, 1700 theses of master degree in five decades in accounting from 57 universities have been studied in terms of dispersion of thematic relation of these with accounting educational approach and have been reconciled in eight areas of financial, industrial, audit, state, tax, accounting information systems, educational and other various issues, and were analyzed based on thematic content analysis. The findings of study suggest that matters in terms of educational have been very limited and express reluctance of students to educational approach.

Variation and change in instrument noun formation in Hebrew and its relation to the verbal system

This paper examines morphological variation and change in the formation of instrument nouns in Hebrew. The change is always from one of the non-participle templates into a participle template and never the other way around. Nonetheless, not all instrument nouns (INs) change their template. I contend that the transition to the participle templates can be predicted based on systematic criteria. Such a change targets both morphological and thematic transparency between the IN and the related verb. Thematically, the participle IN corresponds to a thematic role that the verb assigns. The IN has to be agentive in order to be thematically transparent and undergo morphological change. The more transparent the thematic relation between the verb and the IN is, the greater the chance for morphological change. Morphologically, the formation of the participle form is also more transparent as it requires fewer changes between the verb and the IN. The only changes that occur are affixation and changing the vowels of the base verb, and the formation in the participle templates preserves the prosodic structure of the base verb. The analysis also provides further support to the stem modification theory and shows that the formation of the instrument noun is based on internal changes on the verbal base form without separate reference to the consonantal root.

Noun-Noun sequences and the complement-modifier distinction: a corpus-based study

The aim of this paper is to question the relevance of the complement-modifier distinction in Noun-Noun sequences. It will be argued that neither syntactic nor semantic criteria provide a completely reliable basis for the distinction between complement and modifier in the context of post-head complements or modifiers and even less so in the case of nominal complements or modifiers in pre-head position, i.e. in Noun-Noun sequences. More specifically, it will be contended that the distinction between complements and modifiers in Noun-Noun sequences cannot be held on cognitive grounds either. With this aim it will firstly be shown that there are different types of associations between the two nouns in Noun-Noun sequences, namely thematic-relation associations (e.g. food shopping) and peripheral associations (e.g. strip shopping). Secondly, evidence will be provided to show that, in spite of the fact that these various associations may correspond to our intuitions about the complement-modifier distinction, they manifest a similar degree of semantic bondedness and combination frequency. In order to measure the semantic bondedness and frequency of the different types of relations in Noun-Noun sequences a pilot study on a sample of Noun-Noun sequences will be conducted using corpus data. The relative frequency with which two nouns are combined correlates with different degrees of ‘semantic bonding’, which can be seen as a sign of cognitive relevance. As a result of this, it will be shown that, even in the case of relational nouns, the most frequent combinations are not always thematic-relation ones. In addition, some sequences where nouns are combined with other nouns denoting peripheral relations show a higher degree of semantic bonding than others in which they are combined with thematic-relation nouns. Finally, the distinction between complements and modifiers in Noun-Noun sequences will be addressed from the point of view of interpretation. In spite of the fact that thematic relation interpretations are assumed to have priority over property interpretations, this priority may be reversed by different factors.

LIBERDADE E ECONOMIA NA FILOSOFIA DO DIREITO DE HEGEL

Este artigo trata da concepção hegeliana de liberdade na sociedade civil. Destaca a parte relativa à liberdade de mercado na qual ficam caracterizados os limites intransponíveis para o exercício da eticidade e, conseqüentemente, de uma combinação real entre ética e economia numa sociedade organizada sob o primado do mercado. Na relação temática entre liberdade e sociedade civil, Hegel formulou de maneira precursora uma Teoria Social de caráter alternativo à experiência de traço liberal. O papel dessa teoria é formular, de maneira integrada, os temas econômico, político e do direito de uma nova ordem social verdadeiramente humanista. Por isso, o paradigma hegeliano de liberdade institui um contraponto radical à concepção de liberdade de mercado com a qual o liberalismo econômico construiu a teoria capitalista de organização de sociedade, incluindo o atual modelo da teoria econômica neoliberal globalizada.Abstract: This article deals with the hegelian conception of freedom in the civil society. It emphasizes the part relative to the freedom of market in which are characterized the insuperable limits for the exercise of the ethicity and, consequently, a real combination between ethics and economy in a society organized under the primate of the market. About the thematic relation between freedom and civil society, Hegel formulated in precursory way a Social Theory of alternative character to the experience of liberal imprint. The role of this theory is to formulate, in comprehensive way, the economic, political and juridical themes of a new social order truly humane. Therefore, the hegelian paradigm of freedom establishes a radical counterpoint to the conception of freedom of market with which economic liberalism has constructed the capitalist theory of society organization, including the current model of the global new-liberal economic theory.

Creativity Support via Terms in Thematic Relations

Creativity is required in many fields of endeavor—especially industry and scientific research. Creative tasks we consider in this article include not only creative tasks by single individual or multiple individuals, but also collaborative tasks accomplished by a group of individuals with support of e-collaboration technologies. The difficulty of formulating new ideas calls for the development of an environment that supports creativity. Moreover, it is known that people tend to become more creative when they use words that are related thematically rather than taxonomically. In light of this, we sought to extract lists of words having a thematic relation. In this article, we propose a method of extracting such word lists and verify, through Web retrieval, that word lists with a thematic relation can support creativity. The verification method is based on the belief that we can acquire certain knowledge if a word list directs us to informative Web pages and the knowledge included in such pages is useful and can itself stimulate creativity. As a result of our experiment, we report that our methodology can extract word lists available to support creativity.