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2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000751
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Jiang ◽  
Taha Bhatti ◽  
Ambreen Tariq ◽  
Katie M Williams ◽  
Isabelle Chow ◽  
...  

ObjectiveAn electronegative electroretinogram (ERG) can indicate important ocular or systemic disease. This study explored the prevalence of electronegative responses to dark-adapted stimuli in a largely healthy cohort.Methods and Analysis211 participants recruited from the TwinsUK cohort underwent ERG testing incorporating international standard (International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV)) protocols and additional stimuli. Responses were recorded using conductive fibre electrodes, following pupil dilation and 20 min dark adaptation. Responses analysed were to the ISCEV standard and strong flashes (3.0 and 10 cd/m2 s), and to additional white flashes (0.67–67 cd/m2 s). A-wave and b-wave amplitudes were extracted; b:a ratios were calculated and proportions of eyes with ratios<1 were noted.ResultsMean (SD) age was 62.4 (11.4) years (median, 64.3; range 23–86 years). 93% were female. Mean (SD) b:a ratios for right and left eyes, respectively, were 1.86 (0.33) and 1.81 (0.29) for the standard flash, and 1.62 (0.25) and 1.58 (0.23) for the stronger flash; average b:a ratio was lower for the stronger flash (p<0.0001). No waveforms were electronegative. For additional flashes, b:a ratio decreased with increasing flash strength. No electronegative waveforms were seen except in three eyes (0.7%) for the strongest flash; in some cases, drift in the waveform may have artefactually reduced the b:a ratio.ConclusionFor standard dark-adapted stimuli, no participants had electronegative waveforms. The findings support the notion that electronegative waveforms (in response to standard flash strengths) are unusual, and should prompt further investigation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Michael B. Hoffmann ◽  
Michael Bach ◽  
Mineo Kondo ◽  
Shiying Li ◽  
Sinead Walker ◽  
...  

AbstractThe multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) is an electrophysiological test that allows the function of multiple discrete areas of the retina to be tested simultaneously. This document, from the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV), presents an updated and revised ISCEV standard for clinical mfERG and defines minimum protocols for basic clinical mfERG recording and reporting so that responses can be recognized and compared from different laboratories worldwide. The major changes compared with the previous mfERG standard relate to the minimum length of m-sequences used for recording, reporting of results and a change in document format, to be more consistent with other ISCEV standards.


Author(s):  
Atsuhiro Tanikawa ◽  
Keita Suzuki ◽  
Ryoko Nomura ◽  
Hidenori Tanaka ◽  
Tadashi Mizuguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell Brigell ◽  
Brett G. Jeffrey ◽  
Omar A. Mahroo ◽  
Radouil Tzekov

AbstractThe International Society for the Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standard for full-field electroretinography (ERG) describes a minimum set of tests, but encourages the use of additional protocols for clinical ERG testing. This extended protocol describes recording methods and derivations that will allow analysis of rod-driven components of the dark-adapted (DA) strong flash ERG a-wave, more closely related to rod phototransduction than ISCEV standard DA ERGs. The method involves recording ERGs to a flash strength equivalent to 30 cd s m2 under conditions of dark adaptation and additionally to the same stimulus following light adaptation (LA) and in the presence of a standard photopic background luminance of 30 cd m−2. The isolated rod-driven ERG a-wave is derived by subtracting the LA response from the DA ERG. The method is likely to be of value in the characterization of retinal disorders which affect rod quantal catch, diseases that affect the dynamics of any component of the activation phase of rod phototransduction, or those affecting total numbers of rod photoreceptors.


2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ido Perlman ◽  
Mineo Kondo ◽  
Enid Chelva ◽  
Anthony G. Robson ◽  
Graham E. Holder

AbstractThe International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standard for full-field electroretinography (ERG) describes a minimum procedure for testing generalized retinal function but encourages more extensive testing. This extended protocol describes a method of assessing the function of the short-wavelength-sensitive cone (S-cone) retinal pathway, using a short-wavelength flash superimposed on a background that saturates the rods and adapts the L/M-cones to elicit a response, known as the S-cone ERG. Stimulus parameters such as the strength and luminance of the flash and background, respectively, and their spectral and temporal characteristics are specified. As a complement to the ISCEV standard, testing the S-cone ERG enables further characterization of light-adapted retinal function and may refine diagnosis of some retinal disorders. Typical applications are described including use in the diagnosis of rod monochromacy and S-cone monochromacy, identification and investigation of cone On-bipolar cell dysfunction and use of the technique to confirm the diagnosis of enhanced S-cone syndrome.


2018 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Constable ◽  
◽  
Michael Bach ◽  
Laura J. Frishman ◽  
Brett G. Jeffrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
Jeff Rabin ◽  
Brooke Houser ◽  
Carolyn Talbert ◽  
Rue Patel

2017 ◽  
Vol 234 (10) ◽  
pp. 1235-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadim Bowl ◽  
Silke Schweinfurth ◽  
Kerstin Holve ◽  
Knut Stieger ◽  
Birgit Lorenz ◽  
...  

Zusammenfassung Einleitung Die Entwicklung und Reifung der Netzhaut ist ein komplexer Prozess, der sich bis in das Kleinkindesalter und darüber hinaus erstrecken kann. Die zentrale Netzhaut frühgeborener Kinder kann durch eine Reifungsstörung betroffen sein, die durch eine abgeflachte, dickere Fovea mit überlagernden Schichten innerer Netzhaut und einem gestörten Verhältnis der äußeren Photorezeptorschicht zu den inneren Netzhautschichten („macular developmental arrest“: MDA) gekennzeichnet ist und zu funktionellen Nachteilen führen kann (Bowl et al. 2016 18). In dieser Studie untersuchten wir ehemalige Extremfrühgeborene mit spontan zurückgebildeter Frühgeborenenretinopathie (ROP) und ohne ROP sowie gleichaltrige Termingeborene elektrophysiologisch und betrachteten die Ergebnisse in Bezug zur Makulareifung. Methoden Im Rahmen einer umfangreichen prospektiven Kohortenstudie untersuchten wir n = 60 frühgeborene Kinder mit spontan rückgebildeter ROP (srROP, n = 15), ohne ROP (noROP, n = 45) in der Anamnese sowie n = 10 termingeborene altersentsprechende Kinder (Term). Bei jedem Kind wurden zur funktionellen Analyse jeweils ein Ganzfeldelektroretinogramm (ffERG: a- und b-Welle), multifokales ERG (mfERG: P1) nach ISCEV-Standard sowie eine optische Kohärenztomografie (SD-OCT, Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Deutschland) der Fovea zur morphologischen Einordnung durchgeführt. Ergebnisse Im skotopischen ffERG zeigten Kinder mit srROP und noROP vor allem dann signifikant reduzierte b-Wellen-Antworten, wenn ein MDA im OCT nachweisbar war. Im mfERG war die P1-Komponente des zentralen Hexagons und des 2. konzentrischen Ringes bei Kindern mit MDA signifikant reduziert. Alle anderen Parameter zeigten keinen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen. Schlussfolgerung Elektrophysiologische Veränderungen finden sich bei ehemaligen extrem frühgeborenen Kindern vor allem bei im SD-OCT nachweisbarer Makulareifungsstörung (MDA), und zwar sowohl bei Kindern ohne akute ROP als auch bei Kindern mit spontan zurückgebildeter ROP: Die reduzierte b-Welle im skotopischen ffERG und die reduzierte P1-Komponente im mfERG deuten auf eine Beteiligung der Bipolarzellen bei MDA hin. Insbesondere die Korrelation von MDA mit Auffälligkeiten im ffERG könnte ein Zeichen dafür sein, dass MDA mit einer globaleren Reifungsstörung der Netzhaut einhergeht und diese bei Extremfrühgeborenen mit und ohne ROP auftreten kann.


2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy A. Thompson ◽  
◽  
Dennis M. Fritsch ◽  
Sharon E. Hardy

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