Digitalisation and Employees’ Subjective Job Quality in the Second Half of Working Life in Germany

Since digitalisation alters occupational task profiles via automation processes, job quality is also likely to be affected. While existing literature mainly focusses on objective job quality, this study asks if and how digitalisation is associated with employees’ subjective job quality in the second half of working life in Germany. Analyses are based on the German Ageing Survey 2014. Our sample includes n = 1541 employees aged 40–65 years who are subject to social insurance contributions. Subjective job quality is operationalised with regards to job satisfaction and perceived occupational stress in general, and ten aspects of job quality in detail. Digitalisation is approximated by substitution potentials of occupations. We control the association for compositional effects in the workforce, as well as for the moderating effect of perceived job insecurity. The results indicate that digitalisation is predominantly beneficial but also unfavourable in a few other respects for employees’ subjective job quality. The higher the degree of digitalisation, the higher is the employee’s general job satisfaction on average; for general perceived occupational stress, we find no significant association. Regarding single aspects of subjective job quality, employees working in more digitalised occupations are found to report on average higher satisfaction with working hours and earnings, and lower levels of stress due to tight schedules. However, they also report higher levels of stress due to negative environmental factors.

Trace Maps

Trace maps for products of transfer matrices prove to be an important tool in the investigation of electronic spectra and wave functions of one-dimensional quasiperiodic systems. These systems belong to a general class of substitution sequences. In this work we review the various stages of development in constructing trace maps for products of (2×2) matrices generated by arbitrary substitution sequences. The dimension of the underlying space of the trace map obtained by means of this construction is the minimal possible, namely 3r-3 for an alphabet of size r≥2. In conclusion, we describe some results from the spectral theory of discrete Schrödinger operators with substitution potentials.