Perlakuan Udara Panas untuk Pengendalian Perkecambahan Spora Tilletia indica pada Gandum

Karnal bunt of wheat (Triticum aestivum) caused by Tilletia indica is a major concern in international trade because it can degrade quality significantly, and it is a quarantine pest for Indonesia. Tilletia infected seeds can be the source of fungal inoculum of other areas. The current research was aimed to determine the effectiveness of temperature and exposure time to control Tilletia using air heat treatment without reducing the quality of grain. The experiments were conducted in vitro, initiated by seed testing, including morphology-based detection and identification of Tilletia followed by a viability test of the seed. Air heat treatment was performed by adjusting the oven temperature at 75, 80, 85 °C and 28 °C (control) for 4 and 6 hr exposure time, each with three replications. The results showed that air heat treatment of the wheat at 75 °C for 4 hr was able to suppress teliospores germination of 56.7–61.7%, without denature protein content of the wheat.

Abstract 721: More Severe Brain Damage Found in Cholesterol-embolic Stroke Compared with Clot-embolic Stroke

Objectives: The nature and feature between cholesterol and blood clot emboli are significantly different. The aim of this study was to investigate if any difference in ischemic brain damage caused by cholesterol emboli vs. clot emboli. Methods: Embolic stroke model was created using Sprague-Dawley rats. They were randomly divided into control (Ctrl), cholesterol emboli (ChE), and clot emboli (ClE) groups. Plaques and blood samples were collected from the patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy. Plaques were rinsed and heated at 100 o C for 60 minutes to denature protein. Plaques and blood clots were broken into 0.30 - 0.35mm and diluted into a final concentration of 1,000 fragments per 100μL. Normal saline, the cholesterol emboli and blood clot emboli suspensions (300μL) were separately injected, according to different groups, into rat brains via left internal carotid artery. The animals were sacrificed at 24 hours post injection and brain ischemia was assessed using pathological H/E staining. Neuropathologic injury in hippocampus (CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG) was scored from 1 to 5 (Figure 1). Results: The brain injury scores of the three groups were analyzed using Student-Newman-Keuls Test. Both ClE and ChE groups had significant higher injury scores compared to Ctrl group (p<0.05, respectively). The Injury score of ChE group was significantly higher than that of ClE group (p<0.05) (Figure 1). Conclusions: The findings suggest that cholesterol embolization results in more severe damage in rat brain, compared to blood clot embolization. It may imply that clinical presentations and treatment outcomes of embolic strokes can be affected by different sources of emboli.

Microbial Fermentation Extraction Processing of Protein from Soybean

Although hexane extraction of soybean oil has the high recovery，residual hexane in oil is noxious for consumer health. Crew pressing and extruding-expelling extraction processes denature protein to render functional properties poor for food and meal use. This processing employed microbial fermentation to extract protein from full fat soy flour so that denaturation degree of protein reduced. The results showed that low temperature flaking and extrusing soy flakes was beneficial to improving protein extraction, after optimizing the fermentation conditions with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), total protein extraction yield achieved the highest value - 86.66% at optimal fermentation conditions - 6.6% extruded full fat soy flour, 5.4% inoculation volume, the initial pH8.1. These advances make the microbial fermentation extraction process of protein from soybeans attractive channel as the environmentally – friendly technology.