Preparation of Solutions of Titanium Trichloride-Based Complex Coagulants

One of the largest sources of heavy metal compounds entering the hydrosphere is galvanic production. Despite their high danger, chromium (VI) compounds are widely used in electroplating. Electrolytes based on chromium (VI) compounds are stable at all pH values and, if released into water, pose a serious problem for wastewater treatment plants. The purpose of this study was to assess the possibility of thermal and electrochemical preparation of solutions of complex coagulants-reducing agents based on titanium trichloride for wastewater treatment from chromium (VI) compounds. Findings of research show that the yield of titanium trichloride is practically independent of the production method, however, the process of electrochemical synthesis is much more stable, the reaction mixture is slightly heated, which has a positive effect on the storage time of the obtained reagent solutions. The study proves that in terms of their effectiveness, the samples of the complex coagulant-reducing agent are superior to individual reagents based on iron (II) compounds. Moreover, the use of complex reagents makes it possible to considerably intensify the processes of sedimentation and filtration of the resulting sludge, which allows us to significantly reduce the dimensions of the equipment and increase the economic efficiency of the water purification process as a whole

The Synthesis of Mesoporous TS-1 and Its Performance for Oxidation of Diphenyl Sulfide and Dibenzyl Sulfide

TS-1 zeolite has outstanding performance in the catalytic reactions with hydrogen peroxide as catalytic promoter. However, the narrow pore size (< 1.0 nm) of traditional TS-1 makes it difficult for bulky organic compounds to contact with the active sites in the pores, which seriously limits application of TS-1. Recently, the introduction of mesoporous structure into microporous TS-1 becomes a hot research topic. Meanwhile, the huge synthesis cost of TS-1 is another main reason hindering its industrial application. In this paper, mesoporous TS-1 was successfully synthesized using sodium silicate as silicon source and titanium trichloride as titanium source under the template conditions of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) and cationic polymer. The mesoporous TS-1 was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption, scanning electric microscopy (SEM), transmitting electric microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-Vis Spectrum spectra (UV-Vis). Results show that the synthesized TS-1 zeolites have good crystallinity and tetra-coordinated framework Ti atoms, and there are abundant mesoporous structures in the zeolite crystals. The results of oxidation experiments show that conversion of diphenyl sulfide and dibenzyl sulfide with mesoporous TS-1 are 97.3 % and 85.3 % respectively, while that conversion with microporous TS-1 are 75.7 % and 63.5 respectively.