galvanic production
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2021 ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
I. M. Kovenskiy ◽  
E. V. Koreshkova ◽  
A. A. Kulemina ◽  
L. Z. Chaugarova

The article considered electrodeposited coatings made of iron- and nickel-based alloys doped with molybdenum. The studies carried out by optical and electron microscopy, X-ray structural analysis, as well as the determination of hardness and corrosion rate of the coatings under study allowed us to determine the laws of the influence of the structure on the properties of electrodeposited alloys immediately after obtaining, as well as after thermal treatment. Corrosion tests carried out both in the media of produced water of oil fields of Western and Eastern Siberia and in standard media allowed to determine the conditions for obtaining and thermal treatment of coatings, in which the effectiveness of protection with coatings is at maximum. Due to comparison with standard media, the influence of not only the pH of the medium but also the degree of its mineralization has been established. This article may be of interest to researchers studying the structure and properties of electrodeposited coatings, as well as to specialists in the field of corrosion protection and technologists of galvanic production.


Author(s):  
E.N. Kuzin

One of the largest sources of heavy metal compounds entering the hydrosphere is galvanic production. Despite their high danger, chromium (VI) compounds are widely used in electroplating. Electrolytes based on chromium (VI) compounds are stable at all pH values and, if released into water, pose a serious problem for wastewater treatment plants. The purpose of this study was to assess the possibility of thermal and electrochemical preparation of solutions of complex coagulants-reducing agents based on titanium trichloride for wastewater treatment from chromium (VI) compounds. Findings of research show that the yield of titanium trichloride is practically independent of the production method, however, the process of electrochemical synthesis is much more stable, the reaction mixture is slightly heated, which has a positive effect on the storage time of the obtained reagent solutions. The study proves that in terms of their effectiveness, the samples of the complex coagulant-reducing agent are superior to individual reagents based on iron (II) compounds. Moreover, the use of complex reagents makes it possible to considerably intensify the processes of sedimentation and filtration of the resulting sludge, which allows us to significantly reduce the dimensions of the equipment and increase the economic efficiency of the water purification process as a whole


2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 655-660
Author(s):  
Y.V. Anikin ◽  
O.Yu. Makovskaya ◽  
V.I. Shilkov

The use of hydrogen peroxide and hydrazine sulfate for the treatment of chrome-containing rinsing waters of galvanic production of machine-building enterprises is proposed. The process of reducing chromium (6+) to (3+) from rinsing waters with a concentration of 8.55 mg/dm3 was studied. These reagents allow reducing more than 99% of chromium (6+) to chromium (3+) and maintaining a low salt content of treated wastewater. The consumption of hydrogen peroxide is 1.5 mg/dm3, and the consumption of hydrazine sulfate is 10 mg/dm3. The current situation in the treatment of galvanic wastewater leads to pollution of the environment with dangerous substances (CN-, Cr6+, F-, Cd2+), irrational use of raw materials and significant economic losses. The possibility of extracting valuable components from wastewater, in order to recycle them and return the treated water to production, is considered. Hydrogen peroxide is effective for treating acidic wastewater, and hydrazine sulfate can be used for both acidic and alkaline wastewater. Removal of excess hydrogen peroxide from the solution after reduction of chromium (6+) before precipitation of chromium (3+) hydroxide is required. The toxicity of hydrazine compounds must be taken into account.


Author(s):  
Volha S. Zalyhina ◽  
◽  
Victoria I. Cheprasova ◽  

Spent electrolytes from galvanic production are characterized by a high content of heavy metal ions, which significantly exceeds their content in natural ores. The paper shows the possibility of processing spent sulfate electrolytes from nickel plating of galvanic production to obtain pigments, which will stabilize the operation of treatment facilities, prevent the ingress of heavy metal ions into the environment, which have toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, reduce the volume of wastewater sludge formed, and also obtain a valuable commodity product that is currently being purchased abroad. The results of investigations of the coloristic characteristics of the obtained samples of pigments are presented, the effect of Fe (III) ions present in the spent electrolytes of nickel plating as a contaminant on the color characteristics and purity of the color of the obtained samples is investigated. The dependence of the color of the obtained samples on the content of Fe (III) ions in the spent electrolytes was established, which made it possible to establish the range of coloristic characteristics of pigments obtained from spent sulfate nickel-plating electrolytes (green, yellow, brown and black colors). The results of the research carried out will reduce the impact of galvanic production on the environment.


Author(s):  
Igor Anatolyevich Vakhnyuk ◽  
Konstantin Yurievich Kirichenko ◽  
Kirill Sergeevich Golokhvast ◽  
Ekaterina Gennadievna Shabalina

Author(s):  
L.N. Olshanskaya ◽  
I.A. Tiltigin ◽  
T.V. Osipova

A promising method for purification of chromium-containing wastewater from galvanic plants is considered. A review and comparative analysis of existing methods and technologies for purifying industrial effluents from organochromic compounds: reagent, biological, ion-exchange, etc. are presented. The advantages of using the combined method of purification of chromium-containing wastewater based on electroflotation with preliminary electrocoagulation are shown. The effectiveness of the proposed combined method was evaluated and the scheme of the electroflotocoagulator was developed.


Author(s):  
L. Smolenskaya ◽  
S. Rybina ◽  
V. Rybin ◽  
P. Litvin

Technological processes of processing of metal products and galvanic production are characterized by large volumes of wastewater containing ions of heavy metals, in particular as a result of Nickel plating products in wastewater in the predominant amount fall ions Ni2+. To assess the possibility of removing pollution from this type of wastewater, the process of adsorption purification of model Nickel-containing wastewater was investigated. As adsorbents modified nitrogen-containing polyvinyl alcohol, polycaproamide, hydrocellulose fiber were used. Modification of this type of fibers allows fixing functionally active groups on the surface of adsorbent. It is established that the fibrous adsorbents have a high adsorption capacity towards Nickel ion(II), the magnitude of adsorption is in the range of 80-100 mg/g. The predominant mechanism is monomolecular chemisorption. Adsorption proceeds at high speeds, the balance is achieved in the first 20 minutes of the process. The effect of pH on complex formation in the phase of adsorbents is revealed. It is shown that in a strongly acidic medium the purification efficiency is small, the increase in pH leads to increased adsorption properties of fibers. The optimal value of the acidity of the solution are pH values above 5. A decrease in the amount of coordinated nitrogen with an increase in pH was determined. In assessing the selectivity of fibers with respect to Ni2+ in the presence of Zn2+ and Cu2+, the influence of matrix polymer effect was revealed. Adsorption on polyvinyl alcohol and polycaproamide fibers showed that the influence of zinc ions(II) on the adsorption of Nickel (II) increases with its concentration in the solution, and hydrate cellulose fiber has a higher selectivity with respect to Zn2+ion. The presence of Cu2+ leads to a significant decrease in the efficiency of model wastewater treatment from Nickel ions (II) on all types of adsorbents studied


Author(s):  
S. A. Orlova ◽  
O. O. Tuzhikov ◽  
T. V. Khokhlova ◽  
O. I. Tuzhikov

As a result of oxidative dehydropolycondensation of aniline on the surface of polymer materials, effective composite sorbents were obtained that can absorb bichromate ions from solutions. The optimal content of polyaniline was determined, which allows achieving the specific sorption capacity of composite structures of 1.49 mg-EQ/g and the degree of extraction of highly toxic chromium of 99.74 %. The developed composite sorbents have high kinetic parameters and can successfully solve the problems of treatment of waste water solutions of galvanic production.


Author(s):  
Mariya Denisova ◽  
Viktor Bocharnikov

Wastewater is a variety of waters, as well as precipitation discharged into water bodies from industrial enterprises, domestic, livestock production, as well as settlements through the drainage system, the properties of which were deteriorated as a result of human activity. In areas where livestock complexes are located, the situation is tense. It is necessary to solve the problem of processing toxic, toxic and harmful industrial, domestic, animal waste. It is necessary to develop special sites for the destruction and recycling of these wastes. There are many ways to treat wastewater, such as screening, initial sedimentation without reagents, filtration, sorption on activated carbon, ultrafiltration, ozonation, etc. Currently, it is becoming increasingly important to use the ferrite method for wastewater treatment from heavy metal ions. Basically, this method is widely used in wastewater treatment of galvanic production, engineering plants which in the process of their work have galvanic waste, i.e. galvanic sludge. The article presents the results of cascade filtration through various natural sorbents such as activated carbon of the BAU-A brand, gravel sand and zeolite of various fractions. The limiting indicator of the harmfulness of the studied pollutants before and after ferritization is calculated. Based on the research results, regression models were obtained that characterize the dependence of the concentration of impurities on the reaction time of ferrite reagents with poultry runoff.


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