Study of Instructional Management and Institutional Effectiveness in Relation to Age and Experience of School Principals

The present investigation intends to assess instructional management and institutional effectiveness concerning the age and experience of school principals. The sample comprised twenty schools of Jalandhar and Kapurthala. The researchers used Hallinger’s Instructional Management Rating Scale and a self-prepared Institutional Effectiveness Rating Scale for the investigation. The result of the study reveals that in schools with younger principals, teachers exhibit better behaviour on coordinating the curriculum, protecting instruction time and developing academic standards of instructional management than teachers in schools with older principals. In schools with more experienced principals, teachers exhibit better behaviour concerning instructional management on co-ordinating the curriculum, protecting instruction time, providing incentives for teachers, protecting professional development, developing academic standards, and providing instructions for learning than the teachers in schools with less experience. In schools with older and more experienced principals, teachers exhibit better behaviour on supervising and evaluating instruction dimension of instructional leadership than the teachers in schools with older and less experience, younger and more experienced and younger and less experienced principals. There is no significant difference in the institutional effectiveness of schools with young and old aged principals. There is no significant difference in institutional effectiveness of schools with more and less experienced principals.

PEMBELAJARAN REGULASI KENDIRI PELAJAR DALAM BAHASA ARAB: SEJAUH MANA PENGAJARAN GURU MEMAINKAN PERANAN?

Pembelajaran regulasi kendiri membolehkan pelajar menjadi aktif dan autonomi dalam pembelajaran mereka yang merangkumi aspek metakognitif, motivasi dan tingkah laku untuk mencapai objektif pembelajaran mereka sendiri. Dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab di sekolah menengah, beberapa kajian lepas mendapati kebergantungan pelajar tehadap guru sepenuhnya untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan. Pelajar kurang didedahkan dengan pembelajaran regulasi kendiri yang bepotensi meningkatkan kemampuan belajar secara aktif. Guru kurang mempromosikan pembelajaran regulasi kendiri kerana mereka sendiri mungkin tidak menguasai cara tersebut. Hal ini boleh menyebabkan pelajar menjadi pasif di tambah lagi Bahasa Arab merupakan mata pelajaran yang mencabar bagi yang bukan penutur jati. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini telah menjelaskan keberkesanan pengajaran guru dalam menggalakkan pembelajaran regulasi kendiri dalam kalangan pelajar bahasa Arab. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan dalam kajian ini serta Student Evaluation of Teaching Effectiveness Rating Scales (SETERS) dan Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) sebagai instrumen kajian. Data dikumpul dari 542 pelajar Bahasa Arab dan diproses dengan analisis Korelasi Pearson. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini mendapati hubungan signifikan antara guru yang mengajar dan pembelajaran kendiri di kalangan pelajar. Oleh itu, guru perlu memastikan pengajaran mereka dapat merangsang dan menggalakkan pembelajaran regulasi kendiri dalam kalangan pelajar untuk meningkatkan prestasi bahasa Arab di sekolah.

Computer Assisted Language Learning and Gray Model for Promoting Phonics Learning in Continuing Education

This study uses quantitative methods to rate content and teaching on a phonics program delivered by computer assisted language learning (CALL). Data was obtained by Questionnaire and analysed using GM (0,N) model of Grey Theory. Results showed a high effectiveness rating and underlined the value of computer assisted language learning in the continuing education programs in the subject University.

Benchmark Study: IV. Survey of Grower Practices for Managing Glyphosate-Resistant Weed Populations

In 2010, a grower survey was administered to 1,299 growers in 22 states to determine changes in weed management in the United States from 2006 to 2009. The majority of growers had not changed weed management practices in the previous 3 yr; however, 75% reported using weed management practices targeted at glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds. Growers were asked to rate their efforts at controlling GR weeds and rate the effectiveness of various practices for controlling/preventing GR weeds regardless of whether they were personally using them. Using the herbicide labeled rate, scouting fields, and rotating crops were among the practices considered by growers as most effective in managing GR weeds. Sixty-seven percent of growers reported effective management of GR weeds. Between the 2005 and 2010 Benchmark surveys, the frequency of growers using specific actions to manage GR weeds increased markedly. Although the relative effectiveness of practices, as perceived by growers, remained the same, the effectiveness rating of tillage and the use of residual and POST herbicides increased.

The Differences In Perceived Level Of Fraud-Detecting Effectiveness Of SAS No. 99 Red Flags Between External And Internal Auditors

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 34.2pt 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The purpose of this study is to examine the differences and the causes for the differences between external and internal auditors regarding the perceived levels of fraud detection of the 42 red flags found in Statement of Auditing Standard (SAS) No. 99.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>SAS No. 99 requires the 42 red flags to be used in financial statement audits in order to detect fraudulent financial reporting activity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>No differences were found between external and internal auditors with respect to overall perceptions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>However, 17 of the 42 red flags had significant differences regarding the effectiveness of red flags in the detection of fraud.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>For the external auditors, the extent of use and exposure to red flags were significant predictors regarding perceived effectiveness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>For internal auditors, perceived fraud-detecting effectiveness was a function of one&rsquo;s internal and total audit experience.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Surprisingly, gender differences occurred with both external and internal auditors with females rating the red flag effectiveness consistently higher than male auditors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>With the exception of two red flags, external auditors displayed a higher degree of consensus regarding the effectiveness rating of each red flag than internal auditors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>When asked to identify the more effective red flags based on the SAS No. 99 categories, both groups of auditors perceived the attitude/rationalization red flag category as the most effective red flags. </span></span></p>